-
arch
—
print architecture name (same as uname -m)
arch
-
base64
—
encode/decode base64 data to standard output
base64 [-d] [-w wrap] [file...]
-
basename
—
print last path component of a path
basename [-z] [path] [suffix]
basename [-az] [-s suffix] [path...]
-
cat
—
concatenate files
cat [-u] [file...]
-
chmod
—
Change files modes
chmod [-cRv] mode file...
-
chown
—
Change files ownership
chown [-v] [-h | -R [-HLP]] owner[:group] file...
chgrp [-v] [-h | -R [-HLP]] group file...
-
chroot
—
run in another root directory
chroot newroot [command [argument...]]
-
cksum
—
write file checksums and sizes
cksum [file...]
-
cmp
—
compare two files
cmp [-ls] [-n max_bytes] file1 file2
-
cut
—
cut each line with selected characters/fields
cut -b list [-n] [file...]
cut -c list [file...]
cut -f list [-d delim] [-s] [file...]
-
date
—
display date and time
date [-jRu] [-d datetime | -r epoch] [+format]
date [-jRu] mmddHHMM[[CC]yy] [+format]
date [-jRu] -f now_format now [+format]
-
df
—
display mounted filesystems usage
df [-ahilPkT] [-t mnt_type] [-x mnt_type] [file...]
-
dirname
—
return the parent directory of a file pathname
dirname string
-
echo
—
write arguments to standard output
echo [-n] [string...]
-
env
—
control and print environment
env [-i] [-u name] [name=value] [command [argument...]]
env [-i] [-u name] [name=value] -S command_string
-
expr
—
evaluate expression
expr [-e] expression
-
false
—
do nothing, unsuccessfully
false
-
head
—
print first part of files
head [-qvz] [-c size | -n num | -num] [file...]
-
id
—
return user identity
id [-Ggu] [-nr] [user]
-
install
—
install binaries
install [-CcDpTv] [-g group] [-m mode] [-o owner] source... destination
install [-CcDpTv] [-g group] [-m mode] [-o owner] -t destination source...
install -d [-cv] [-g group] [-m mode] [-o owner] directory...
-
join
—
relational database operator
join [-a file_number | -v file_number] [-e string] [-o list] [-t char]
[-1 field] [-2 field] file1 file2
-
link
—
link one file to another file
link reference destination
-
ln
—
create hard links and symbolic links
ln [-fnv] [-L|-P] source... target
ln -s [-fn] reference... target
-
logname
—
print user's login name
logname
-
mkdir
—
make directories
mkdir [-pv] [-m mode] dir...
-
mkfifo
—
Create FIFO special files
mkfifo [-m mode] file...
-
mknod
—
Create FIFO, block-special, character-special files
mknod [-m mode] path b|c|u major minor
mknod [-m mode] path p
-
mktemp
—
make a new randomly-named file or directory
mktemp [-dqtu] [-p tempdir] [template]
-
mv
—
move and rename files
mv [-f|-i|-n] [-v] source destfile
mv [-f|-i|-n] [-v] source... destdir
mv [-f|-i|-n] [-v] -t destdir source...
-
nice
—
invoke command with modified nice scheduling value
nice [-n increment] command [argument...]
-
nohup
—
run command with hangups ignored
nohup command [argument...]
-
nproc
—
print the number of processors
nproc [-a]
-
paste
—
merge corresponding or subsequent lines of files
paste [-sz] [-d list] [file...]
-
pathchk
—
check pathname validity
pathchk [-pP] pathname...
-
printf
—
formatted output
printf format [argument...]
-
pwd
—
print working directory
pwd [-L|-P]
-
readlink
—
print content of a symbolic link
readlink [-f|-e] [-n|-z] path
-
realpath
—
print resolved path
realpath [-E|-e] [-n|-z] [-s] path...
-
renice
—
modify scheduling priority of running processes
renice [-p] -n adj PID...
renice -g -n adj PGID...
renice -u -n adj UID...
-
rm
—
remove files and directories
rm [-dfirRv] [file...]
-
rmdir
—
remove directories
rmdir [-pv] [--ignore-fail-on-non-empty] directory...
-
seq
—
print a sequence of numbers
seq [-w] [-s separator] [-t terminator] [first [step]] last
-
sha1sum
—
write and verify sha1 checksums
sha1sum [-c] [file...]
-
sha256sum
—
write and verify sha256 checksums
sha256sum [-c] [file...]
-
sha512sum
—
write and verify sha512 checksums
sha512sum [-c] [file...]
-
shuf
—
print contents shuffled
shuf [-z] [-n num] [file...]
shuf -e [-z] [-n num] [string...]
-
sleep
—
delay for a specified amount of time
sleep duration...
-
split
—
split a file into chunks
split [-b size | -l lines] [-a suffix_length] [file] [name]
-
strings
—
find printable strings
strings [-az] [-t format] [-n number] [file...]
-
sync
—
Schedule file system updates
sync [-df] [file...]
-
tee
—
duplicate standard input
tee [-a] [-i] [file...]
-
test
—
condition evaluation utility
test expression
[ expression ]
-
time
—
measure time used by a command
time [-p|-v] command [argument...]
-
timeout
—
run a command with a time limit
timeout [-fp] [-k duration] [-s SIGNAL] duration command [argument...]
-
touch
—
change file access and modification times
touch [-acfhm] [-d isotime | -t datetime | -r ref_file] file...
-
tr
—
translate characters
tr [-Ccs] string1 string2
tr [-Cc] -d string1
tr [-Cc] -s string1
tr [-Cc] -ds string1 string2
-
true
—
do nothing, successfully
true
-
truncate
—
change the size of files
truncate [-c] -r ref_file file...
truncate [-c] -s [+|-|%|/]size[suffix] file...
-
tty
—
return pathname of current terminal
tty
-
uname
—
return system name and information
uname [-amnrsv]
-
uniq
—
report or filter out duplicated lines
uniq [-c|-d|-u] [-f field_shift] [-s byte_shift] [input_file [output_file]]
-
unlink
—
unlink filenames and possibly the referred files
unlink [file...]
-
wc
—
Count lines, words, bytes/characters
wc [-c|-m] [-lw] [file...]
-
which
—
locate executable within PATH
which [-as] name...
-
whoami
—
return username
whoami
-
yes
—
output a string repeatedly
yes [string...]