strtoul.3p (6707B)
- '\" et
- .TH STRTOUL "3P" 2017 "IEEE/The Open Group" "POSIX Programmer's Manual"
- .\"
- .SH PROLOG
- This manual page is part of the POSIX Programmer's Manual.
- The Linux implementation of this interface may differ (consult
- the corresponding Linux manual page for details of Linux behavior),
- or the interface may not be implemented on Linux.
- .\"
- .SH NAME
- strtoul,
- strtoull
- \(em convert a string to an unsigned long
- .SH SYNOPSIS
- .LP
- .nf
- #include <stdlib.h>
- .P
- unsigned long strtoul(const char *restrict \fIstr\fP,
- char **restrict \fIendptr\fP, int \fIbase\fP);
- unsigned long long strtoull(const char *restrict \fIstr\fP,
- char **restrict \fIendptr\fP, int \fIbase\fP);
- .fi
- .SH DESCRIPTION
- The functionality described on this reference page is aligned with the
- ISO\ C standard. Any conflict between the requirements described here and the
- ISO\ C standard is unintentional. This volume of POSIX.1\(hy2017 defers to the ISO\ C standard.
- .P
- These functions shall convert the initial portion of the string pointed
- to by
- .IR str
- to a type
- .BR "unsigned long"
- and
- .BR "unsigned long long"
- representation, respectively. First, they decompose the input string
- into three parts:
- .IP " 1." 4
- An initial, possibly empty, sequence of white-space characters (as
- specified by
- \fIisspace\fR())
- .IP " 2." 4
- A subject sequence interpreted as an integer represented in some radix
- determined by the value of
- .IR base
- .IP " 3." 4
- A final string of one or more unrecognized characters, including
- the terminating NUL character of the input string
- .P
- Then they shall attempt to convert the subject sequence to an
- unsigned integer, and return the result.
- .P
- If the value of
- .IR base
- is 0, the expected form of the subject sequence is that of a decimal
- constant, octal constant, or hexadecimal constant, any of which may be
- preceded by a
- .BR '+'
- or
- .BR '\-'
- sign. A decimal constant begins with a non-zero digit, and consists of
- a sequence of decimal digits. An octal constant consists of the prefix
- .BR '0'
- optionally followed by a sequence of the digits
- .BR '0'
- to
- .BR '7'
- only. A hexadecimal constant consists of the prefix 0x or 0X followed
- by a sequence of the decimal digits and letters
- .BR 'a'
- (or
- .BR 'A' )
- to
- .BR 'f'
- (or
- .BR 'F' )
- with values 10 to 15 respectively.
- .P
- If the value of
- .IR base
- is between 2 and 36, the expected form of the subject sequence is a
- sequence of letters and digits representing an integer with the radix
- specified by
- .IR base ,
- optionally preceded by a
- .BR '+'
- or
- .BR '\-'
- sign. The letters from
- .BR 'a'
- (or
- .BR 'A' )
- to
- .BR 'z'
- (or
- .BR 'Z' )
- inclusive are ascribed the values 10 to 35; only letters whose ascribed
- values are less than that of
- .IR base
- are permitted. If the value of
- .IR base
- is 16, the characters 0x or 0X may optionally precede the sequence of
- letters and digits, following the sign if present.
- .P
- The subject sequence is defined as the longest initial subsequence of
- the input string, starting with the first non-white-space character
- that is of the expected form. The subject sequence shall contain no
- characters if the input string is empty or consists entirely of
- white-space characters, or if the first non-white-space character is
- other than a sign or a permissible letter or digit.
- .P
- If the subject sequence has the expected form and the value of
- .IR base
- is 0, the sequence of characters starting with the first digit shall be
- interpreted as an integer constant. If the subject sequence has the
- expected form and the value of
- .IR base
- is between 2 and 36, it shall be used as the base for conversion,
- ascribing to each letter its value as given above. If the subject
- sequence begins with a
- <hyphen-minus>,
- the value resulting from the
- conversion shall be negated. A pointer to the final string shall be
- stored in the object pointed to by
- .IR endptr ,
- provided that
- .IR endptr
- is not a null pointer.
- .P
- In other than the C
- or POSIX
- locale, additional locale-specific subject sequence forms may be
- accepted.
- .P
- If the subject sequence is empty or does not have the expected form, no
- conversion shall be performed; the value of
- .IR str
- shall be stored in the object pointed to by
- .IR endptr ,
- provided that
- .IR endptr
- is not a null pointer.
- .P
- These functions shall not change the setting of
- .IR errno
- if successful.
- .P
- Since 0,
- {ULONG_MAX},
- and
- {ULLONG_MAX}
- are returned on error and are also valid returns on success, an
- application wishing to check for error situations should set
- .IR errno
- to 0, then call
- \fIstrtoul\fR()
- or
- \fIstrtoull\fR(),
- then check
- .IR errno .
- .SH "RETURN VALUE"
- Upon successful completion, these functions shall return the converted
- value, if any. If no conversion could be performed, 0 shall be returned
- and
- .IR errno
- may be set to
- .BR [EINVAL] .
- .P
- If the value of
- .IR base
- is not supported, 0 shall be returned and
- .IR errno
- shall be set to
- .BR [EINVAL] .
- .P
- If the correct value is outside the range of representable values,
- {ULONG_MAX}
- or
- {ULLONG_MAX}
- shall be returned and
- .IR errno
- set to
- .BR [ERANGE] .
- .SH ERRORS
- These functions shall fail if:
- .TP
- .BR EINVAL
- The value of
- .IR base
- is not supported.
- .TP
- .BR ERANGE
- The value to be returned is not representable.
- .P
- These functions may fail if:
- .TP
- .BR EINVAL
- No conversion could be performed.
- .LP
- .IR "The following sections are informative."
- .SH EXAMPLES
- None.
- .SH "APPLICATION USAGE"
- Since the value of
- .IR *endptr
- is unspecified if the value of
- .IR base
- is not supported, applications should either ensure that
- .IR base
- has a supported value (0 or between 2 and 36) before the call, or check
- for an
- .BR [EINVAL]
- error before examining
- .IR *endptr .
- .SH RATIONALE
- None.
- .SH "FUTURE DIRECTIONS"
- None.
- .SH "SEE ALSO"
- .IR "\fIfscanf\fR\^(\|)",
- .IR "\fIisalpha\fR\^(\|)",
- .IR "\fIstrtod\fR\^(\|)",
- .IR "\fIstrtol\fR\^(\|)"
- .P
- The Base Definitions volume of POSIX.1\(hy2017,
- .IR "\fB<stdlib.h>\fP"
- .\"
- .SH COPYRIGHT
- Portions of this text are reprinted and reproduced in electronic form
- from IEEE Std 1003.1-2017, Standard for Information Technology
- -- Portable Operating System Interface (POSIX), The Open Group Base
- Specifications Issue 7, 2018 Edition,
- Copyright (C) 2018 by the Institute of
- Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc and The Open Group.
- In the event of any discrepancy between this version and the original IEEE and
- The Open Group Standard, the original IEEE and The Open Group Standard
- is the referee document. The original Standard can be obtained online at
- http://www.opengroup.org/unix/online.html .
- .PP
- Any typographical or formatting errors that appear
- in this page are most likely
- to have been introduced during the conversion of the source files to
- man page format. To report such errors, see
- https://www.kernel.org/doc/man-pages/reporting_bugs.html .