fread.3p (4980B)
- '\" et
- .TH FREAD "3P" 2017 "IEEE/The Open Group" "POSIX Programmer's Manual"
- .\"
- .SH PROLOG
- This manual page is part of the POSIX Programmer's Manual.
- The Linux implementation of this interface may differ (consult
- the corresponding Linux manual page for details of Linux behavior),
- or the interface may not be implemented on Linux.
- .\"
- .SH NAME
- fread
- \(em binary input
- .SH SYNOPSIS
- .LP
- .nf
- #include <stdio.h>
- .P
- size_t fread(void *restrict \fIptr\fP, size_t \fIsize\fP, size_t \fInitems\fP,
- FILE *restrict \fIstream\fP);
- .fi
- .SH DESCRIPTION
- The functionality described on this reference page is aligned with the
- ISO\ C standard. Any conflict between the requirements described here and the
- ISO\ C standard is unintentional. This volume of POSIX.1\(hy2017 defers to the ISO\ C standard.
- .P
- The
- \fIfread\fR()
- function shall read into the array pointed to by
- .IR ptr
- up to
- .IR nitems
- elements whose size is specified by
- .IR size
- in bytes, from the stream pointed to by
- .IR stream .
- For each object,
- .IR size
- calls shall be made to the
- \fIfgetc\fR()
- function and the results stored, in the order read, in an array of
- .BR "unsigned char"
- exactly overlaying the object. The file position indicator for the
- stream (if defined) shall be advanced by the number of bytes
- successfully read. If an error occurs, the resulting value of the file
- position indicator for the stream is unspecified. If a partial element
- is read, its value is unspecified.
- .P
- The
- \fIfread\fR()
- function may mark the last data access timestamp of the file
- associated with
- .IR stream
- for update. The last data access timestamp shall be
- marked for update by the first successful execution of
- \fIfgetc\fR(),
- \fIfgets\fR(),
- \fIfread\fR(),
- \fIfscanf\fR(),
- \fIgetc\fR(),
- \fIgetchar\fR(),
- \fIgetdelim\fR(),
- \fIgetline\fR(),
- \fIgets\fR(),
- or
- \fIscanf\fR()
- using
- .IR stream
- that returns data not supplied by a prior call to
- \fIungetc\fR().
- .SH "RETURN VALUE"
- Upon successful completion,
- \fIfread\fR()
- shall return the number of elements successfully read which is less than
- .IR nitems
- only if a read error or end-of-file is encountered. If
- .IR size
- or
- .IR nitems
- is 0,
- \fIfread\fR()
- shall return 0 and the contents of the array and the state of the
- stream remain unchanged. Otherwise, if a read error occurs, the error
- indicator for the stream shall be set,
- and
- .IR errno
- shall be set to indicate the error.
- .SH ERRORS
- Refer to
- .IR "\fIfgetc\fR\^(\|)".
- .LP
- .IR "The following sections are informative."
- .SH EXAMPLES
- .SS "Reading from a Stream"
- .P
- The following example transfers a single 100-byte fixed length
- record from the
- .IR fp
- stream into the array pointed to by
- .IR buf .
- .sp
- .RS 4
- .nf
- #include <stdio.h>
- \&...
- size_t elements_read;
- char buf[100];
- FILE *fp;
- \&...
- elements_read = fread(buf, sizeof(buf), 1, fp);
- \&...
- .fi
- .P
- .RE
- .P
- If a read error occurs,
- .IR elements_read
- will be zero but the number of bytes read from the stream could be
- anything from zero to
- .IR sizeof ( buf )\-1.
- .P
- The following example reads multiple single-byte elements from the
- .IR fp
- stream into the array pointed to by
- .IR buf .
- .sp
- .RS 4
- .nf
- #include <stdio.h>
- \&...
- size_t bytes_read;
- char buf[100];
- FILE *fp;
- \&...
- bytes_read = fread(buf, 1, sizeof(buf), fp);
- \&...
- .fi
- .P
- .RE
- .P
- If a read error occurs,
- .IR bytes_read
- will contain the number of bytes read from the stream.
- .SH "APPLICATION USAGE"
- The
- \fIferror\fR()
- or
- \fIfeof\fR()
- functions must be used to distinguish between an error condition and an
- end-of-file condition.
- .P
- Because of possible differences in element length and byte ordering,
- files written using
- \fIfwrite\fR()
- are application-dependent, and possibly cannot be read using
- \fIfread\fR()
- by a different application or by the same application on a different
- processor.
- .SH RATIONALE
- None.
- .SH "FUTURE DIRECTIONS"
- None.
- .SH "SEE ALSO"
- .IR "Section 2.5" ", " "Standard I/O Streams",
- .IR "\fIfeof\fR\^(\|)",
- .IR "\fIferror\fR\^(\|)",
- .IR "\fIfgetc\fR\^(\|)",
- .IR "\fIfopen\fR\^(\|)",
- .IR "\fIfscanf\fR\^(\|)",
- .IR "\fIgetc\fR\^(\|)",
- .IR "\fIgets\fR\^(\|)"
- .P
- The Base Definitions volume of POSIX.1\(hy2017,
- .IR "\fB<stdio.h>\fP"
- .\"
- .SH COPYRIGHT
- Portions of this text are reprinted and reproduced in electronic form
- from IEEE Std 1003.1-2017, Standard for Information Technology
- -- Portable Operating System Interface (POSIX), The Open Group Base
- Specifications Issue 7, 2018 Edition,
- Copyright (C) 2018 by the Institute of
- Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc and The Open Group.
- In the event of any discrepancy between this version and the original IEEE and
- The Open Group Standard, the original IEEE and The Open Group Standard
- is the referee document. The original Standard can be obtained online at
- http://www.opengroup.org/unix/online.html .
- .PP
- Any typographical or formatting errors that appear
- in this page are most likely
- to have been introduced during the conversion of the source files to
- man page format. To report such errors, see
- https://www.kernel.org/doc/man-pages/reporting_bugs.html .