qselect.1p (24458B)
- '\" et
- .TH QSELECT "1P" 2017 "IEEE/The Open Group" "POSIX Programmer's Manual"
- .\"
- .SH PROLOG
- This manual page is part of the POSIX Programmer's Manual.
- The Linux implementation of this interface may differ (consult
- the corresponding Linux manual page for details of Linux behavior),
- or the interface may not be implemented on Linux.
- .\"
- .SH NAME
- qselect
- \(em select batch jobs
- .SH SYNOPSIS
- .LP
- .nf
- qselect \fB[\fR-a \fB[\fIop\fB]\fIdate_time\fB] [\fR-A \fIaccount_string\fB] [\fR-c \fB[\fIop\fB]\fIinterval\fB]
- [\fR-h \fIhold_list\fB] [\fR-l \fIresource_list\fB] [\fR-N \fIname\fB] [\fR-p \fB[\fIop\fB]\fIpriority\fB]
- [\fR-q \fIdestination\fB] [\fR-r \fIy\fR|\fIn\fB] [\fR-s \fIstates\fB] [\fR-u \fIuser_list\fB]\fR
- .fi
- .SH DESCRIPTION
- To select a set of batch jobs is to return the batch
- .IR job_identifier s
- for each batch job that meets a list of selection criteria. A set of
- batch jobs is selected by a request to a batch server. The
- .IR qselect
- utility is a user-accessible batch client that requests the selection
- of batch jobs.
- .P
- Upon successful completion, the
- .IR qselect
- utility shall have returned a list of zero or more batch
- .IR job_identifier s
- that meet the criteria specified by the options and option-arguments
- presented to the utility.
- .P
- The
- .IR qselect
- utility shall select batch jobs by sending a
- .IR "Select Jobs Request"
- to a batch server. The
- .IR qselect
- utility shall not exit until the server replies to each request
- generated.
- .P
- For each option presented to the
- .IR qselect
- utility, the utility shall restrict the set of selected batch jobs as
- described in the OPTIONS section.
- .P
- The
- .IR qselect
- utility shall not restrict selection of batch jobs except by
- authorization and as required by the options presented to the utility.
- .P
- When an option is specified with a mandatory or optional
- .IR op
- component to the option-argument, then
- .IR op
- shall specify a relation between the value of a certain batch job
- attribute and the
- .IR value
- component of the option-argument. If an
- .IR op
- is allowable on an option, then the description of the option letter
- indicates the
- .IR op
- as either mandatory or optional. Acceptable strings for the
- .IR op
- component, and the relation the string indicates, are shown in the
- following list:
- .IP "\fR.eq.\fR" 8
- The value represented by the attribute of the batch job is equal to the
- value represented by the option-argument.
- .IP "\fR.ge.\fR" 8
- The value represented by the attribute of the batch job is greater than
- or equal to the value represented by the option-argument.
- .IP "\fR.gt.\fR" 8
- The value represented by the attribute of the batch job is greater than
- the value represented by the option-argument.
- .IP "\fR.lt.\fR" 8
- The value represented by the attribute of the batch job is less than
- the value represented by the option-argument.
- .IP "\fR.le.\fR" 8
- The value represented by the attribute of the batch job is less than or
- equal to the value represented by the option-argument.
- .IP "\fR.ne.\fR" 8
- The value represented by the attribute of the batch job is not equal to
- the value represented by the option-argument.
- .SH OPTIONS
- The
- .IR qselect
- utility shall conform to the Base Definitions volume of POSIX.1\(hy2017,
- .IR "Section 12.2" ", " "Utility Syntax Guidelines".
- .P
- The following options shall be supported by the implementation:
- .IP "\fB\-a\ [\fIop\fB]\fIdate_time\fR" 10
- .br
- Restrict selection to a specific time, or a range of times.
- .RS 10
- .P
- The
- .IR qselect
- utility shall select only batch jobs for which the value of the
- .IR Execution_Time
- attribute is related to the Epoch equivalent of the local time
- expressed by the value of the
- .IR date_time
- component of the option-argument in the manner indicated by the value
- of the
- .IR op
- component of the option-argument.
- .P
- The
- .IR qselect
- utility shall accept a
- .IR date_time
- component of the option-argument that conforms to the syntax of the
- .IR time
- operand of the
- .IR touch
- utility.
- .P
- If the
- .IR op
- component of the option-argument is not presented to the
- .IR qselect
- utility, the utility shall select batch jobs for which the
- .IR Execution_Time
- attribute is equal to the
- .IR date_time
- component of the option-argument.
- .P
- When comparing times, the
- .IR qselect
- utility shall use the following definitions for the
- .IR op
- component of the option-argument:
- .IP "\fR.eq.\fR" 8
- The time represented by value of the
- .IR Execution_Time
- attribute of the batch job is equal to the time represented by the
- .IR date_time
- component of the option-argument.
- .IP "\fR.ge.\fR" 8
- The time represented by value of the
- .IR Execution_Time
- attribute of the batch job is after or equal to the time represented by
- the
- .IR date_time
- component of the option-argument.
- .IP "\fR.gt.\fR" 8
- The time represented by value of the
- .IR Execution_Time
- attribute of the batch job is after the time represented by the
- .IR date_time
- component of the option-argument.
- .IP "\fR.lt.\fR" 8
- The time represented by value of the
- .IR Execution_Time
- attribute of the batch job is before the time represented by the
- .IR date_time
- component of the option-argument.
- .IP "\fR.le.\fR" 8
- The time represented by value of the
- .IR Execution_Time
- attribute of the batch job is before or equal to the time represented
- by the
- .IR date_time
- component of the option-argument.
- .IP "\fR.ne.\fR" 8
- The time represented by value of the
- .IR Execution_Time
- attribute of the batch job is not equal to the time represented by the
- .IR date_time
- component of the option-argument.
- .P
- The
- .IR qselect
- utility shall accept the defined character strings for the
- .IR op
- component of the option-argument.
- .RE
- .IP "\fB\-A\ \fIaccount_string\fR" 10
- .br
- Restrict selection to the batch jobs charging a specified account.
- .RS 10
- .P
- The
- .IR qselect
- utility shall select only batch jobs for which the value of the
- .IR Account_Name
- attribute of the batch job matches the value of the
- .IR account_string
- option-argument.
- .P
- The syntax of the
- .IR account_string
- option-argument is unspecified.
- .RE
- .IP "\fB\-c\ [\fIop\fB]\fIinterval\fR" 10
- .br
- Restrict selection to batch jobs within a range of checkpoint
- intervals.
- .RS 10
- .P
- The
- .IR qselect
- utility shall select only batch jobs for which the value of the
- .IR Checkpoint
- attribute relates to the value of the
- .IR interval
- component of the option-argument in the manner indicated by the value
- of the
- .IR op
- component of the option-argument.
- .P
- If the
- .IR op
- component of the option-argument is omitted, the
- .IR qselect
- utility shall select batch jobs for which the value of the
- .IR Checkpoint
- attribute is equal to the value of the
- .IR interval
- component of the option-argument.
- .P
- When comparing checkpoint intervals, the
- .IR qselect
- utility shall use the following definitions for the
- .IR op
- component of the option-argument:
- .IP "\fR.eq.\fR" 8
- The value of the
- .IR Checkpoint
- attribute of the batch job equals the value of the
- .IR interval
- component of the option-argument.
- .IP "\fR.ge.\fR" 8
- The value of the
- .IR Checkpoint
- attribute of the batch job is greater than or equal to the value of the
- .IR interval
- component option-argument.
- .IP "\fR.gt.\fR" 8
- The value of the
- .IR Checkpoint
- attribute of the batch job is greater than the value of the
- .IR interval
- component option-argument.
- .IP "\fR.lt.\fR" 8
- The value of the
- .IR Checkpoint
- attribute of the batch job is less than the value of the
- .IR interval
- component option-argument.
- .IP "\fR.le.\fR" 8
- The value of the
- .IR Checkpoint
- attribute of the batch job is less than or equal to the value of the
- .IR interval
- component option-argument.
- .IP "\fR.ne.\fR" 8
- The value of the
- .IR Checkpoint
- attribute of the batch job does not equal the value of the
- .IR interval
- component option-argument.
- .P
- The
- .IR qselect
- utility shall accept the defined character strings for the
- .IR op
- component of the option-argument.
- .P
- The ordering relationship for the values of the interval
- option-argument is defined to be:
- .sp
- .RS 4
- .nf
- \&`n\(aq .gt. `s\(aq .gt. `c=\fIminutes\fR\(aq .ge. `c\(aq
- .fi
- .P
- .RE
- When comparing
- .IR Checkpoint
- attributes with an interval having the value of the single character
- .BR 'u' ,
- only equality or inequality are valid comparisons.
- .RE
- .IP "\fB\-h\ \fIhold_list\fR" 10
- Restrict selection to batch jobs that have a specific type of hold.
- .RS 10
- .P
- The
- .IR qselect
- utility shall select only batch jobs for which the value of the
- .IR Hold_Types
- attribute matches the value of the
- .IR hold_list
- option-argument.
- .P
- The
- .IR qselect
- .BR \-h
- option shall accept a value for the
- .IR hold_list
- option-argument that is a string of alphanumeric characters in the
- portable character set (see the Base Definitions volume of POSIX.1\(hy2017,
- .IR "Section 6.1" ", " "Portable Character Set").
- .P
- The
- .IR qselect
- utility shall accept a value for the
- .IR hold_list
- option-argument that is a string of one or more of the characters
- .BR 'u' ,
- .BR 's' ,
- or
- .BR 'o' ,
- or the single character
- .BR 'n' .
- .P
- Each unique character in the
- .IR hold_list
- option-argument of the
- .IR qselect
- utility is defined as follows, each representing a different hold type:
- .IP "\fRu\fP" 6
- USER
- .IP "\fRs\fP" 6
- SYSTEM
- .IP "\fRo\fP" 6
- OPERATOR
- .P
- If any of these characters are duplicated in the
- .IR hold_list
- option-argument, the duplicates shall be ignored.
- .P
- The
- .IR qselect
- utility shall consider it an error if any hold type other than
- .BR 'n'
- is combined with hold type
- .BR 'n' .
- .P
- Strictly conforming applications shall not repeat any of the characters
- .BR 'u' ,
- .BR 's' ,
- .BR 'o' ,
- or
- .BR 'n'
- within the
- .IR hold_list
- option-argument. The
- .IR qselect
- utility shall permit the repetition of characters, but shall not assign
- additional meaning to the repeated characters.
- .P
- An implementation may define other hold types. The conformance document
- for an implementation shall describe any additional hold types, how
- they are specified, their internal behavior, and how they affect the
- behavior of the utility.
- .RE
- .IP "\fB\-l\ \fIresource_list\fR" 10
- .br
- Restrict selection to batch jobs with specified resource limits and
- attributes.
- .RS 10
- .P
- The
- .IR qselect
- utility shall accept a
- .IR resource_list
- option-argument with the following syntax:
- .sp
- .RS 4
- .nf
- \fIresource_name op value \fB[\fR,,\fIresource_name op value\fR,, ...\fB]\fR
- .fi
- .P
- .RE
- .P
- When comparing resource values, the
- .IR qselect
- utility shall use the following definitions for the
- .IR op
- component of the option-argument:
- .IP "\fR.eq.\fR" 8
- The value of the resource of the same name in the
- .IR Resource_List
- attribute of the batch job equals the value of the value component of
- the option-argument.
- .IP "\fR.ge.\fR" 8
- The value of the resource of the same name in the
- .IR Resource_List
- attribute of the batch job is greater than or equal to the value of the
- .IR value
- component of the option-argument.
- .IP "\fR.gt.\fR" 8
- The value of the resource of the same name in the
- .IR Resource_List
- attribute of the batch job is greater than the value of the value
- component of the option-argument.
- .IP "\fR.lt.\fR" 8
- The value of the resource of the same name in the
- .IR Resource_List
- attribute of the batch job is less than the value of the value
- component of the option-argument.
- .IP "\fR.ne.\fR" 8
- The value of the resource of the same name in the
- .IR Resource_List
- attribute of the batch job does not equal the value of the value
- component of the option-argument.
- .IP "\fR.le.\fR" 8
- The value of the resource of the same name in the
- .IR Resource_List
- attribute of the batch job is less than or equal to the value of the
- .IR value
- component of the option-argument.
- .P
- When comparing the limit of a
- .IR Resource_List
- attribute with the
- .IR value
- component of the option-argument, if the limit, the value, or both are
- non-numeric, only equality or inequality are valid comparisons.
- .P
- The
- .IR qselect
- utility shall select only batch jobs for which the values of the
- .IR resource_name s
- listed in the
- .IR resource_list
- option-argument match the corresponding limits of the
- .IR Resource_List
- attribute of the batch job.
- .P
- Limits of
- .IR resource_name s
- present in the
- .IR Resource_List
- attribute of the batch job that have no corresponding values in the
- .IR resource_list
- option-argument shall not be considered when selecting batch jobs.
- .RE
- .IP "\fB\-N\ \fIname\fR" 10
- Restrict selection to batch jobs with a specified name.
- .RS 10
- .P
- The
- .IR qselect
- utility shall select only batch jobs for which the value of the
- .IR Job_Name
- attribute matches the value of the
- .IR name
- option-argument. The string specified in the
- .IR name
- option-argument shall be passed, uninterpreted, to the server. This
- allows an implementation to match ``wildcard'' patterns against batch
- job names.
- .P
- An implementation shall describe in the conformance document the format
- it supports for matching against the
- .IR Job_Name
- attribute.
- .RE
- .IP "\fB\-p\ [\fIop\fB]\fIpriority\fR" 10
- .br
- Restrict selection to batch jobs of the specified priority or range of
- priorities.
- .RS 10
- .P
- The
- .IR qselect
- utility shall select only batch jobs for which the value of the
- .IR Priority
- attribute of the batch job relates to the value of the
- .IR priority
- component of the option-argument in the manner indicated by the value
- of the
- .IR op
- component of the option-argument.
- .P
- If the
- .IR op
- component of the option-argument is omitted, the
- .IR qselect
- utility shall select batch jobs for which the value of the
- .IR Priority
- attribute of the batch job is equal to the value of the
- .IR priority
- component of the option-argument.
- .P
- When comparing priority values, the
- .IR qselect
- utility shall use the following definitions for the
- .IR op
- component of the option-argument:
- .IP "\fR.eq.\fR" 8
- The value of the
- .IR Priority
- attribute of the batch job equals the value of the
- .IR priority
- component of the option-argument.
- .IP "\fR.ge.\fR" 8
- The value of the
- .IR Priority
- attribute of the batch job is greater than or equal to the value of the
- .IR priority
- component option-argument.
- .IP "\fR.gt.\fR" 8
- The value of the
- .IR Priority
- attribute of the batch job is greater than the value of the
- .IR priority
- component option-argument.
- .IP "\fR.lt.\fR" 8
- The value of the
- .IR Priority
- attribute of the batch job is less than the value of the
- .IR priority
- component option-argument.
- .IP "\fR.lt.\fR" 8
- The value of the
- .IR Priority
- attribute of the batch job is less than or equal to the value of the
- .IR priority
- component option-argument.
- .IP "\fR.ne.\fR" 8
- The value of the
- .IR Priority
- attribute of the batch job does not equal the value of the
- .IR priority
- component option-argument.
- .RE
- .IP "\fB\-q\ \fIdestination\fR" 10
- .br
- Restrict selection to the specified batch queue or server, or both.
- .RS 10
- .P
- The
- .IR qselect
- utility shall select only batch jobs that are located at the
- destination indicated by the value of the
- .IR destination
- option-argument.
- .P
- The destination defines a batch queue, a server, or a batch queue at a
- server.
- .P
- The
- .IR qselect
- utility shall accept an option-argument for the
- .BR \-q
- option that conforms to the syntax for a destination. If the
- .BR \-q
- option is not presented to the
- .IR qselect
- utility, the utility shall select batch jobs from all batch queues at
- the default batch server.
- .P
- If the option-argument describes only a batch queue, the
- .IR qselect
- utility shall select only batch jobs from the batch queue of the
- specified name at the default batch server. The means by which
- .IR qselect
- determines the default server is implementation-defined.
- .P
- If the option-argument describes only a batch server, the
- .IR qselect
- utility shall select batch jobs from all the batch queues at that batch
- server.
- .P
- If the option-argument describes both a batch queue and a batch server,
- the
- .IR qselect
- utility shall select only batch jobs from the specified batch queue at
- the specified server.
- .RE
- .IP "\fB\-r\ \fRy\fR|\fRn\fR" 10
- Restrict selection to batch jobs with the specified rerunability
- status.
- .RS 10
- .P
- The
- .IR qselect
- utility shall select only batch jobs for which the value of the
- .IR Rerunable
- attribute of the batch job matches the value of the option-argument.
- .P
- The
- .IR qselect
- utility shall accept a value for the option-argument that consists of
- either the single character
- .BR 'y'
- or the single character
- .BR 'n' .
- The character
- .BR 'y'
- represents the value TRUE, and the character
- .BR 'n'
- represents the value FALSE.
- .RE
- .IP "\fB\-s\ \fIstates\fR" 10
- Restrict selection to batch jobs in the specified states.
- .RS 10
- .P
- The
- .IR qselect
- utility shall accept an option-argument that consists of any
- combination of the characters
- .BR 'e' ,
- .BR 'q' ,
- .BR 'r' ,
- .BR 'w' ,
- .BR 'h' ,
- and
- .BR 't' .
- .P
- Conforming applications shall not repeat any character in the
- option-argument. The
- .IR qselect
- utility shall permit the repetition of characters in the
- option-argument, but shall not assign additional meaning to repeated
- characters.
- .P
- The
- .IR qselect
- utility shall interpret the characters in the
- .IR states
- option-argument as follows:
- .IP "\fRe\fR" 6
- Represents the EXITING state.
- .IP "\fRq\fR" 6
- Represents the QUEUED state.
- .IP "\fRr\fR" 6
- Represents the RUNNING state.
- .IP "\fRt\fR" 6
- Represents the TRANSITING state.
- .IP "\fRh\fR" 6
- Represents the HELD state.
- .IP "\fRw\fR" 6
- Represents the WAITING state.
- .P
- For each character in the
- .IR states
- option-argument, the
- .IR qselect
- utility shall select batch jobs in the corresponding state.
- .RE
- .IP "\fB\-u\ \fIuser_list\fR" 10
- Restrict selection to batch jobs owned by the specified user names.
- .RS 10
- .P
- The
- .IR qselect
- utility shall select only the batch jobs of those users specified in
- the
- .IR user_list
- option-argument.
- .P
- The
- .IR qselect
- utility shall accept a
- .IR user_list
- option-argument that conforms to the following syntax:
- .sp
- .RS 4
- .nf
- \fIusername\fB[\fR@\fIhost\fB][\fR,,\fIusername\fB[\fR@\fIhost\fB]\fR,, ...\fB]\fR
- .fi
- .P
- .RE
- .P
- The
- .IR qselect
- utility shall accept only one user name that is missing a corresponding
- host name. The
- .IR qselect
- utility shall accept only one user name per named host.
- .RE
- .SH OPERANDS
- None.
- .SH STDIN
- Not used.
- .SH "INPUT FILES"
- None.
- .SH "ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES"
- The following environment variables shall affect the execution of
- .IR qselect :
- .IP "\fILANG\fP" 10
- Provide a default value for the internationalization variables that are
- unset or null. (See the Base Definitions volume of POSIX.1\(hy2017,
- .IR "Section 8.2" ", " "Internationalization Variables"
- the precedence of internationalization variables used to determine the
- values of locale categories.)
- .IP "\fILC_ALL\fP" 10
- If set to a non-empty string value, override the values of all the
- other internationalization variables.
- .IP "\fILC_CTYPE\fP" 10
- Determine the locale for the interpretation of sequences of bytes of
- text data as characters (for example, single-byte as opposed to
- multi-byte characters in arguments).
- .IP "\fILC_MESSAGES\fP" 10
- .br
- Determine the locale that should be used to affect the format and
- contents of diagnostic messages written to standard error.
- .IP "\fILOGNAME\fP" 10
- Determine the login name of the user.
- .IP "\fITZ\fP" 10
- Determine the timezone used to interpret the
- .IR date-time
- option-argument. If
- .IR TZ
- is unset or null, an unspecified default timezone shall be used.
- .SH "ASYNCHRONOUS EVENTS"
- Default.
- .SH STDOUT
- The
- .IR qselect
- utility shall write zero or more batch
- .IR job_identifier s
- to standard output.
- .P
- The
- .IR qselect
- utility shall separate the batch
- .IR job_identifier s
- written to standard output by white space.
- .P
- The
- .IR qselect
- utility shall write batch
- .IR job_identifier s
- in the following format:
- .sp
- .RS 4
- .nf
- \fIsequence_number.server_name\fR@\fIserver\fR
- .fi
- .P
- .RE
- .SH STDERR
- The standard error shall be used only for diagnostic messages.
- .SH "OUTPUT FILES"
- None.
- .SH "EXTENDED DESCRIPTION"
- None.
- .SH "EXIT STATUS"
- The following exit values shall be returned:
- .IP "\00" 6
- Successful completion.
- .IP >0 6
- An error occurred.
- .SH "CONSEQUENCES OF ERRORS"
- Default.
- .LP
- .IR "The following sections are informative."
- .SH "APPLICATION USAGE"
- None.
- .SH EXAMPLES
- The following example shows how a user might use the
- .IR qselect
- utility in conjunction with the
- .IR qdel
- utility to delete all of his or her jobs in the queued state without
- affecting any jobs that are already running:
- .sp
- .RS 4
- .nf
- qdel $(qselect -s q)
- .fi
- .P
- .RE
- .P
- or:
- .sp
- .RS 4
- .nf
- qselect -s q || xargs qdel
- .fi
- .P
- .RE
- .SH RATIONALE
- The
- .IR qselect
- utility allows users to acquire a list of job identifiers that match
- user-specified selection criteria. The list of identifiers returned by
- the
- .IR qselect
- utility conforms to the syntax of the batch job identifier list
- processed by a utility such as
- .IR qmove ,
- .IR qdel ,
- and
- .IR qrls .
- The
- .IR qselect
- utility is thus a powerful tool for causing another batch system
- utility to act upon a set of jobs that match a list of selection
- criteria.
- .P
- The options of the
- .IR qselect
- utility let the user apply a number of useful filters for selecting
- jobs. Each option further restricts the selection of jobs. Many of the
- selection options allow the specification of a relational operator. The
- FORTRAN-like syntax of the operator\(emthat is,
- .BR \(dq.lt.\(dq \(em\c
- was chosen rather than the C-like
- .BR \(dq<=\(dq
- meta-characters.
- .P
- The
- .BR \-a
- option allows users to restrict the selected jobs to those that have
- been submitted (or altered) to wait until a particular time. The time
- period is determined by the argument of this option, which includes
- both a time and an operator\(emit is thus possible to select jobs
- waiting until a specific time, jobs waiting until after a certain time,
- or those waiting for a time before the specified time.
- .P
- The
- .BR \-A
- option allows users to restrict the selected jobs to those that have
- been submitted (or altered) to charge a particular account.
- .P
- The
- .BR \-c
- option allows users to restrict the selected jobs to those whose
- checkpointing interval falls within the specified range.
- .P
- The
- .BR \-l
- option allows users to select those jobs whose resource limits fall
- within the range indicated by the value of the option. For example, a
- user could select those jobs for which the CPU time limit is greater
- than two hours.
- .P
- The
- .BR \-N
- option allows users to select jobs by job name. For instance, all the
- parts of a task that have been divided in parallel jobs might be given
- the same name, and thus manipulated as a group by means of this
- option.
- .P
- The
- .BR \-q
- option allows users to select jobs in a specified queue.
- .P
- The
- .BR \-r
- option allows users to select only those jobs with a specified rerun
- criteria. For instance, a user might select only those jobs that can be
- rerun for use with the
- .IR qrerun
- utility.
- .P
- The
- .BR \-s
- option allows users to select only those jobs that are in a certain
- state.
- .P
- The
- .BR \-u
- option allows users to select jobs that have been submitted to execute
- under a particular account.
- .P
- The selection criteria provided by the options of the
- .IR qselect
- utility allow users to select jobs based on all the appropriate
- attributes that can be assigned to jobs by the
- .IR qsub
- utility.
- .P
- Historically, the
- .IR qselect
- utility has not been a part of existing practice; it is an improvement
- that has been introduced in this volume of POSIX.1\(hy2017.
- .SH "FUTURE DIRECTIONS"
- The
- .IR qselect
- utility may be removed in a future version.
- .SH "SEE ALSO"
- .IR "Chapter 3" ", " "Batch Environment Services",
- .IR "\fIqdel\fR\^",
- .IR "\fIqrerun\fR\^",
- .IR "\fIqrls\fR\^",
- .IR "\fIqselect\fR\^",
- .IR "\fIqsub\fR\^",
- .IR "\fItouch\fR\^"
- .P
- The Base Definitions volume of POSIX.1\(hy2017,
- .IR "Section 6.1" ", " "Portable Character Set",
- .IR "Chapter 8" ", " "Environment Variables",
- .IR "Section 12.2" ", " "Utility Syntax Guidelines"
- .\"
- .SH COPYRIGHT
- Portions of this text are reprinted and reproduced in electronic form
- from IEEE Std 1003.1-2017, Standard for Information Technology
- -- Portable Operating System Interface (POSIX), The Open Group Base
- Specifications Issue 7, 2018 Edition,
- Copyright (C) 2018 by the Institute of
- Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc and The Open Group.
- In the event of any discrepancy between this version and the original IEEE and
- The Open Group Standard, the original IEEE and The Open Group Standard
- is the referee document. The original Standard can be obtained online at
- http://www.opengroup.org/unix/online.html .
- .PP
- Any typographical or formatting errors that appear
- in this page are most likely
- to have been introduced during the conversion of the source files to
- man page format. To report such errors, see
- https://www.kernel.org/doc/man-pages/reporting_bugs.html .