get.1p (20899B)
- '\" et
- .TH GET "1P" 2017 "IEEE/The Open Group" "POSIX Programmer's Manual"
- .\"
- .SH PROLOG
- This manual page is part of the POSIX Programmer's Manual.
- The Linux implementation of this interface may differ (consult
- the corresponding Linux manual page for details of Linux behavior),
- or the interface may not be implemented on Linux.
- .\"
- .SH NAME
- get
- \(em get a version of an SCCS file (\fBDEVELOPMENT\fP)
- .SH SYNOPSIS
- .LP
- .nf
- get \fB[\fR-begkmnlLpst\fB] [\fR-c \fIcutoff\fB] [\fR-i \fIlist\fB] [\fR-r \fISID\fB] [\fR-x \fIlist\fB] \fIfile\fR...
- .fi
- .SH DESCRIPTION
- The
- .IR get
- utility shall generate a text file from each named SCCS
- .IR file
- according to the specifications given by its options.
- .P
- The generated text shall normally be written into a file called the
- .BR g-file
- whose name is derived from the SCCS filename by simply removing the
- leading
- .BR \(dqs.\(dq .
- .SH OPTIONS
- The
- .IR get
- utility shall conform to the Base Definitions volume of POSIX.1\(hy2017,
- .IR "Section 12.2" ", " "Utility Syntax Guidelines".
- .P
- The following options shall be supported:
- .IP "\fB\-r\ \fISID\fR" 10
- Indicate the SCCS Identification String (SID) of the version (delta)
- of an SCCS file to be retrieved. The table shows, for the most useful
- cases, what version of an SCCS file is retrieved (as well as the SID of
- the version to be eventually created by
- .IR delta
- if the
- .BR \-e
- option is also used), as a function of the SID specified.
- .IP "\fB\-c\ \fIcutoff\fR" 10
- Indicate the
- .IR cutoff
- date-time, in the form:
- .RS 10
- .sp
- .RS 4
- .nf
- \fIYY\fB[\fIMM\fB[\fIDD\fB[\fIHH\fB[\fIMM\fB[\fISS\fB]]]]]\fR
- .fi
- .P
- .RE
- .P
- For the
- .IR YY
- component, values in the range [69,99] shall refer to years 1969 to
- 1999 inclusive, and values in the range [00,68] shall refer to years
- 2000 to 2068 inclusive.
- .TP 10
- .BR Note:
- It is expected that in a future version of this standard the default
- century inferred from a 2-digit year will change. (This would apply
- to all commands accepting a 2-digit year as input.)
- .P
- .P
- No changes (deltas) to the SCCS file that were created after the
- specified
- .IR cutoff
- date-time shall be included in the generated text file. Units omitted
- from the date-time default to their maximum possible values; for
- example,
- .BR \-c
- 7502 is equivalent to
- .BR \-c
- 750228235959.
- .P
- Any number of non-numeric characters may separate the various 2-digit
- pieces of the
- .IR cutoff
- date-time. This feature allows the user to specify a
- .IR cutoff
- date in the form:
- .BR \-c
- "77/2/2\09:22:25".
- .RE
- .IP "\fB\-e\fR" 10
- Indicate that the
- .IR get
- is for the purpose of editing or making a change (delta) to the SCCS
- file via a subsequent use of
- .IR delta .
- The
- .BR \-e
- option used in a
- .IR get
- for a particular version (SID) of the SCCS file shall prevent further
- .IR get
- commands from editing on the same SID until
- .IR delta
- is executed or the
- .BR j
- (joint edit) flag is set in the SCCS file. Concurrent use of
- .IR get
- .BR \-e
- for different SIDs is always allowed.
- .RS 10
- .P
- If the
- .BR g-file
- generated by
- .IR get
- with a
- .BR \-e
- option is accidentally ruined in the process of editing, it may be
- regenerated by re-executing the
- .IR get
- command with the
- .BR \-k
- option in place of the
- .BR \-e
- option.
- .P
- SCCS file protection specified via the ceiling, floor, and authorized
- user list stored in the SCCS file shall be enforced when the
- .BR \-e
- option is used.
- .RE
- .IP "\fB\-b\fR" 10
- Use with the
- .BR \-e
- option to indicate that the new delta should have an SID in a new
- branch as shown in the table below. This option shall be ignored if the
- .BR b
- flag is not present in the file or if the retrieved delta is not a leaf
- delta. (A leaf delta is one that has no successors on the SCCS file tree.)
- .RS 10
- .TP 10
- .BR Note:
- A branch delta may always be created from a non-leaf delta.
- .P
- .RE
- .IP "\fB\-i\ \fIlist\fR" 10
- Indicate a
- .IR list
- of deltas to be included (forced to be applied) in the creation of the
- generated file. The
- .IR list
- has the following syntax:
- .RS 10
- .sp
- .RS 4
- .nf
- <list> ::= <range> | <list> , <range>
- <range> ::= SID | SID - SID
- .fi
- .P
- .RE
- .P
- SID, the SCCS Identification of a delta, may be in any form shown in
- the ``SID Specified'' column of the table in the EXTENDED DESCRIPTION
- section, except that the result of supplying a partial SID is
- unspecified. A diagnostic message shall be written if the first SID in
- the range is not an ancestor of the second SID in the range.
- .RE
- .IP "\fB\-x\ \fIlist\fR" 10
- Indicate a
- .IR list
- of deltas to be excluded (forced not to be applied) in the creation of
- the generated file. See the
- .BR \-i
- option for the
- .IR list
- format.
- .IP "\fB\-k\fR" 10
- Suppress replacement of identification keywords (see below) in the
- retrieved text by their value. The
- .BR \-k
- option shall be implied by the
- .BR \-e
- option.
- .IP "\fB\-l\fR" 10
- Write a delta summary into an
- .BR l-file .
- .IP "\fB\-L\fR" 10
- Write a delta summary to standard output. All informative output that
- normally is written to standard output shall be written to standard
- error instead, unless the
- .BR \-s
- option is used, in which case it shall be suppressed.
- .IP "\fB\-p\fR" 10
- Write the text retrieved from the SCCS file to the standard output. No
- .BR g-file
- shall be created. All informative output that normally goes to the
- standard output shall go to standard error instead, unless the
- .BR \-s
- option is used, in which case it shall disappear.
- .IP "\fB\-s\fR" 10
- Suppress all informative output normally written to standard output.
- However, fatal error messages (which shall always be written to the
- standard error) shall remain unaffected.
- .IP "\fB\-m\fR" 10
- Precede each text line retrieved from the SCCS file by the SID of the
- delta that inserted the text line in the SCCS file. The format shall be:
- .RS 10
- .sp
- .RS 4
- .nf
- "%s\et%s", <\fISID\fR>, <\fItext line\fR>
- .fi
- .P
- .RE
- .RE
- .IP "\fB\-n\fR" 10
- Precede each generated text line with the %\fBM\fP% identification
- keyword value (see below). The format shall be:
- .RS 10
- .sp
- .RS 4
- .nf
- "%s\et%s", <\fI%M% value\fR>, <\fItext line\fR>
- .fi
- .P
- .RE
- .P
- When both the
- .BR \-m
- and
- .BR \-n
- options are used, the <\fItext\ line\fP> shall be replaced by the
- .BR \-m
- option-generated format.
- .RE
- .IP "\fB\-g\fR" 10
- Suppress the actual retrieval of text from the SCCS file. It is
- primarily used to generate an
- .BR l-file ,
- or to verify the existence of a particular SID.
- .IP "\fB\-t\fR" 10
- Use to access the most recently created (top) delta in a given release
- (for example,
- .BR "\-r 1" ),
- or release and level (for example,
- .BR "\-r 1.2" ).
- .br
- .SH OPERANDS
- The following operands shall be supported:
- .IP "\fIfile\fR" 10
- A pathname of an existing SCCS file or a directory. If
- .IR file
- is a directory, the
- .IR get
- utility shall behave as though each file in the directory were
- specified as a named file, except that non-SCCS files (last component
- of the pathname does not begin with
- .BR s. )
- and unreadable files shall be silently ignored.
- .RS 10
- .P
- If exactly one
- .IR file
- operand appears, and it is
- .BR '\-' ,
- the standard input shall be read; each line of the standard input is
- taken to be the name of an SCCS file to be processed. Non-SCCS files
- and unreadable files shall be silently ignored.
- .RE
- .SH STDIN
- The standard input shall be a text file used only if the
- .IR file
- operand is specified as
- .BR '\-' .
- Each line of the text file shall be interpreted as an SCCS pathname.
- .SH "INPUT FILES"
- The SCCS files shall be files of an unspecified format.
- .SH "ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES"
- The following environment variables shall affect the execution of
- .IR get :
- .IP "\fILANG\fP" 10
- Provide a default value for the internationalization variables that are
- unset or null. (See the Base Definitions volume of POSIX.1\(hy2017,
- .IR "Section 8.2" ", " "Internationalization Variables"
- for the precedence of internationalization variables used to determine
- the values of locale categories.)
- .IP "\fILC_ALL\fP" 10
- If set to a non-empty string value, override the values of all the
- other internationalization variables.
- .IP "\fILC_CTYPE\fP" 10
- Determine the locale for the interpretation of sequences of bytes of
- text data as characters (for example, single-byte as opposed to
- multi-byte characters in arguments and input files).
- .IP "\fILC_MESSAGES\fP" 10
- .br
- Determine the locale that should be used to affect the format and
- contents of diagnostic messages written to standard error, and
- informative messages written to standard output (or standard error, if
- the
- .BR \-p
- option is used).
- .IP "\fINLSPATH\fP" 10
- Determine the location of message catalogs for the processing of
- .IR LC_MESSAGES .
- .IP "\fITZ\fR" 10
- Determine the timezone in which the times and dates written in the
- SCCS file are evaluated. If the
- .IR TZ
- variable is unset or NULL, an unspecified system default timezone is
- used.
- .SH "ASYNCHRONOUS EVENTS"
- Default.
- .SH STDOUT
- For each file processed,
- .IR get
- shall write to standard output the SID being accessed and the number of
- lines retrieved from the SCCS file, in the following format:
- .sp
- .RS 4
- .nf
- "%s\en%d lines\en", <\fISID\fR>, <\fInumber of lines\fR>
- .fi
- .P
- .RE
- .P
- If the
- .BR \-e
- option is used, the SID of the delta to be made shall appear after the
- SID accessed and before the number of lines generated, in the POSIX
- locale:
- .sp
- .RS 4
- .nf
- "%s\ennew delta %s\en%d lines\en", <\fISID accessed\fR>,
- <\fISID to be made\fR>, <\fInumber of lines\fR>
- .fi
- .P
- .RE
- .P
- If there is more than one named file or if a directory or standard
- input is named, each pathname shall be written before each of the lines
- shown in one of the preceding formats:
- .sp
- .RS 4
- .nf
- "\en%s:\en", <\fIpathname\fR>
- .fi
- .P
- .RE
- .P
- If the
- .BR \-L
- option is used, a delta summary shall be written following the format
- specified below for
- .BR l-files .
- .P
- If the
- .BR \-i
- option is used, included deltas shall be listed following the notation,
- in the POSIX locale:
- .sp
- .RS 4
- .nf
- "Included:\en"
- .fi
- .P
- .RE
- .P
- If the
- .BR \-x
- option is used, excluded deltas shall be listed following the notation,
- in the POSIX locale:
- .sp
- .RS 4
- .nf
- "Excluded:\en"
- .fi
- .P
- .RE
- .P
- If the
- .BR \-p
- or
- .BR \-L
- options are specified, the standard output shall consist of the text
- retrieved from the SCCS file.
- .SH STDERR
- The standard error shall be used only for diagnostic messages, except
- if the
- .BR \-p
- or
- .BR \-L
- options are specified, it shall include all informative messages
- normally sent to standard output.
- .SH "OUTPUT FILES"
- Several auxiliary files may be created by
- .IR get .
- These files are known generically as the
- .BR g-file ,
- .BR l-file ,
- .BR p-file ,
- and
- .BR z-file .
- The letter before the
- <hyphen-minus>
- is called the
- .IR tag .
- An auxiliary filename shall be formed from the SCCS filename: the
- application shall ensure that the last component of all SCCS filenames
- is of the form
- .BR s. \c
- .IR module-name ;
- the auxiliary files shall be named by replacing the leading
- .BR s
- with the tag. The
- .BR g-file
- shall be an exception to this scheme: the
- .BR g-file
- is named by removing the
- .BR s.
- prefix. For example, for
- .BR s.xyz.c ,
- the auxiliary filenames would be
- .BR xyz.c ,
- .BR l.xyz.c ,
- .BR p.xyz.c ,
- and
- .BR z.xyz.c ,
- respectively.
- .P
- The
- .BR g-file ,
- which contains the generated text, shall be created in the current
- directory (unless the
- .BR \-p
- option is used). A
- .BR g-file
- shall be created in all cases, whether or not any lines of text were
- generated by the
- .IR get .
- It shall be owned by the real user. If the
- .BR \-k
- option is used or implied, the
- .BR g-file
- shall be writable by the owner only (read-only for everyone else);
- otherwise, it shall be read-only. Only the real user need have write
- permission in the current directory.
- .P
- The
- .BR l-file
- shall contain a table showing which deltas were applied in generating
- the retrieved text. The
- .BR l-file
- shall be created in the current directory if the
- .BR \-l
- option is used; it shall be read-only and it is owned by the real user.
- Only the real user need have write permission in the current
- directory.
- .P
- Lines in the
- .BR l-file
- shall have the following format:
- .sp
- .RS 4
- .nf
- "%c%c%c %s\et%s %s\en", <\fIcode1\fR>, <\fIcode2\fR>, <\fIcode3\fR>,
- <\fISID\fR>, <\fIdate-time\fR>, <\fIlogin\fR>
- .fi
- .P
- .RE
- .P
- where the entries are:
- .IP "<\fIcode1\fP>" 10
- A
- <space>
- if the delta was applied;
- .BR '*'
- otherwise.
- .IP "<\fIcode2\fP>" 10
- A
- <space>
- if the delta was applied or was not applied and ignored;
- .BR '*'
- if the delta was not applied and was not ignored.
- .IP "<\fIcode3\fP>" 10
- A character indicating a special reason why the delta was or was not
- applied:
- .RS 10
- .IP "\fBI\fP" 6
- Included.
- .IP "\fBX\fP" 6
- Excluded.
- .IP "\fBC\fP" 6
- Cut off (by a
- .BR \-c
- option).
- .RE
- .IP "<\fIdate-time\fP>" 10
- Date and time (using the format of the
- .IR date
- utility's
- .BR %y /\c
- .BR %m /\c
- .BR %d
- .BR %T
- conversion specification format) of creation.
- .IP "<\fIlogin\fP>" 10
- Login name of person who created
- .IR delta .
- .P
- The comments and MR data shall follow on subsequent lines, indented one
- <tab>.
- A blank line shall terminate each entry.
- .P
- The
- .BR p-file
- shall be used to pass information resulting from a
- .IR get
- with a
- .BR \-e
- option along to
- .IR delta .
- Its contents shall also be used to prevent a subsequent execution of
- .IR get
- with a
- .BR \-e
- option for the same SID until
- .IR delta
- is executed or the joint edit flag,
- .BR j ,
- is set in the SCCS file. The
- .BR p-file
- shall be created in the directory containing the SCCS file and the
- application shall ensure that the effective user has write permission
- in that directory. It shall be writable by owner only, and owned
- by the effective user. Each line in the
- .BR p-file
- shall have the following format:
- .sp
- .RS 4
- .nf
- "%s %s %s %s%s%s\en", <\fIg-file SID\fR>,
- <\fISID of new delta\fR>, <\fIlogin-name of real user\fR>,
- <\fIdate-time\fR>, <\fIi-value\fR>, <\fIx-value\fR>
- .fi
- .P
- .RE
- .P
- where <\fIi\(hyvalue\fP> uses the format
- .BR \(dq\^\(dq
- if no
- .BR \-i
- option was specified, and shall use the format:
- .sp
- .RS 4
- .nf
- " -i%s", <-i option \fIoption-argument\fR>
- .fi
- .P
- .RE
- .P
- if a
- .BR \-i
- option was specified and <\fIx\(hyvalue\fP> uses the format
- .BR \(dq\^\(dq
- if no
- .BR \-x
- option was specified, and shall use the format:
- .sp
- .RS 4
- .nf
- " -x%s", <-x option \fIoption-argument\fR>
- .fi
- .P
- .RE
- .P
- if a
- .BR \-x
- option was specified. There can be an arbitrary number of lines in the
- .BR p-file
- at any time; no two lines shall have the same new delta SID.
- .P
- The
- .BR z-file
- shall serve as a lock-out mechanism against simultaneous updates. Its
- contents shall be the binary process ID of the command (that is,
- .IR get )
- that created it. The
- .BR z-file
- shall be created in the directory containing the SCCS file for the
- duration of
- .IR get .
- The same protection restrictions as those for the
- .BR p-file
- shall apply for the
- .BR z-file .
- The
- .BR z-file
- shall be created read-only.
- .br
- .SH "EXTENDED DESCRIPTION"
- .TS
- center tab(@) box;
- cB s s s s
- cB cB cB cB cB
- cB cB cB cB cB
- l c lw(4.5c) l l.
- Determination of SCCS Identification String
- =
- SID*@\-b Keyletter@Other@SID@SID of Delta
- Specified@Used\(dg@Conditions@Retrieved@to be Created
- .sp 1.5p
- =
- none\(dd@no@R defaults to mR@mR.mL@mR.(mL+1)
- _
- none\(dd@yes@R defaults to mR@mR.mL@mR.mL.(mB+1).1
- .sp 1.5p
- =
- R@no@R > mR@mR.mL@R.1***
- _
- R@no@R = mR@mR.mL@mR.(mL+1)
- _
- R@yes@R > mR@mR.mL@mR.mL.(mB+1).1
- _
- R@yes@R = mR@mR.mL@mR.mL.(mB+1).1
- _
- R@\-@T{
- R < mR and
- R does not exist
- T}@hR.mL**@hR.mL.(mB+1).1
- _
- R@\-@T{
- Trunk successor in release > R
- and R exists
- T}@R.mL@R.mL.(mB+1).1
- .sp 1.5p
- =
- R.L@no@No trunk successor@R.L@R.(L+1)
- _
- R.L@yes@No trunk successor@R.L@R.L.(mB+1).1
- _
- R.L@\-@T{
- Trunk successor
- in release \(>= R
- T}@R.L@R.L.(mB+1).1
- .sp 1.5p
- =
- R.L.B@no@No branch successor@R.L.B.mS@R.L.B.(mS+1)
- _
- R.L.B@yes@No branch successor@R.L.B.mS@R.L.(mB+1).1
- .sp 1.5p
- =
- R.L.B.S@no@No branch successor@R.L.B.S@R.L.B.(S+1)
- _
- R.L.B.S@yes@No branch successor@R.L.B.S@R.L.(mB+1).1
- _
- R.L.B.S@\-@Branch successor@R.L.B.S@R.L.(mB+1).1
- .TE
- .IP * 8
- R, L, B, and S are the release, level, branch, and sequence components
- of the SID, respectively; m means maximum. Thus, for example, R.mL
- means ``the maximum level number within release R''; R.L.(mB+1).1 means
- ``the first sequence number on the new branch (that is, maximum branch
- number plus one) of level L within release R''. Note that if the SID
- specified is of the form R.L, R.L.B, or R.L.B.S, each of the specified
- components shall exist.
- .IP ** 8
- hR is the highest existing release that is lower than the specified,
- nonexistent, release R.
- .IP *** 8
- This is used to force creation of the first delta in a new release.
- .IP "\(dg" 8
- The
- .BR \-b
- option is effective only if the
- .BR b
- flag is present in the file. An entry of
- .BR '\-'
- means ``irrelevant''.
- .IP "\(dd" 8
- This case applies if the
- .BR d
- (default SID) flag is not present in the file. If the
- .BR d
- flag is present in the file, then the SID obtained from the
- .BR d
- flag is interpreted as if it had been specified on the command line.
- Thus, one of the other cases in this table applies.
- .SS "System Date and Time"
- .P
- When a
- .BR g-file
- is generated, the creation time of deltas in the SCCS file may be taken
- into account. If any of these times are apparently in the future, the
- behavior is unspecified.
- .SS "Identification Keywords"
- .P
- Identifying information shall be inserted into the text retrieved from
- the SCCS file by replacing identification keywords with their value
- wherever they occur. The following keywords may be used in the text
- stored in an SCCS file:
- .IP "%\fBM\fP%" 10
- Module name: either the value of the
- .BR m
- flag in the file, or if absent, the name of the SCCS file with the
- leading
- .BR s.
- removed.
- .IP "%\fBI\fP%" 10
- SCCS identification (SID) (%\fBR\fR%.%\fBL\fR% or
- %\fBR\fR%.%\fBL\fR%.%\fBB\fR%.%\fBS\fR%) of the retrieved text.
- .IP "%\fBR\fP%" 10
- Release.
- .IP "%\fBL\fP%" 10
- Level.
- .IP "%\fBB\fP%" 10
- Branch.
- .IP "%\fBS\fP%" 10
- Sequence.
- .IP "%\fBD\fP%" 10
- Current date (\fIYY\fR/\fIMM\fR/\fIDD\fR).
- .IP "%\fBH\fP%" 10
- Current date (\fIMM\fR/\fIDD\fR/\fIYY\fR).
- .IP "%\fBT\fP%" 10
- Current time (\fIHH\fR:\fIMM\fR:\fISS\fR).
- .IP "%\fBE\fP%" 10
- Date newest applied delta was created (\fIYY\fR/\fIMM\fR/\fIDD\fR).
- .IP "%\fBG\fP%" 10
- Date newest applied delta was created (\fIMM\fR/\fIDD\fR/\fIYY\fR).
- .IP "%\fBU\fP%" 10
- Time newest applied delta was created (\fIHH\fR:\fIMM\fR:\fISS\fR).
- .IP "%\fBY\fP%" 10
- Module type: value of the
- .BR t
- flag in the SCCS file.
- .IP "%\fBF\fP%" 10
- SCCS filename.
- .IP "%\fBP\fP%" 10
- SCCS absolute pathname.
- .IP "%\fBQ\fP%" 10
- The value of the
- .BR q
- flag in the file.
- .IP "%\fBC\fP%" 10
- Current line number. This keyword is intended for identifying messages
- output by the program, such as ``this should not have happened'' type
- errors. It is not intended to be used on every line to provide
- sequence numbers.
- .IP "%\fBZ\fP%" 10
- The four-character string
- .BR \(dq@(#)\(dq
- recognizable by
- .IR what .
- .IP "%\fBW\fP%" 10
- A shorthand notation for constructing
- .IR what
- strings:
- .RS 10
- .sp
- .RS 4
- .nf
- %\^W\^%=%\^Z\^%%\^M\^%<tab>%\^I\^%
- .fi
- .P
- .RE
- .RE
- .IP "%\fBA\fP%" 10
- Another shorthand notation for constructing
- .IR what
- strings:
- .RS 10
- .sp
- .RS 4
- .nf
- %\^A\^%=%\^Z\^%%\^Y\^%%\^M\^%%\^I\^%%\^Z\^%
- .fi
- .P
- .RE
- .RE
- .SH "EXIT STATUS"
- The following exit values shall be returned:
- .IP "\00" 6
- Successful completion.
- .IP >0 6
- An error occurred.
- .SH "CONSEQUENCES OF ERRORS"
- Default.
- .LP
- .IR "The following sections are informative."
- .SH "APPLICATION USAGE"
- Problems can arise if the system date and time have been modified (for
- example, put forward and then back again, or unsynchronized clocks
- across a network) and can also arise when different values of the
- .IR TZ
- environment variable are used.
- .P
- Problems of a similar nature can also arise for the operation of the
- .IR delta
- utility, which compares the previous file body against the working file
- as part of its normal operation.
- .SH EXAMPLES
- None.
- .SH RATIONALE
- None.
- .SH "FUTURE DIRECTIONS"
- None.
- .SH "SEE ALSO"
- .IR "\fIadmin\fR\^",
- .IR "\fIdelta\fR\^",
- .IR "\fIprs\fR\^",
- .IR "\fIwhat\fR\^"
- .P
- The Base Definitions volume of POSIX.1\(hy2017,
- .IR "Chapter 8" ", " "Environment Variables",
- .IR "Section 12.2" ", " "Utility Syntax Guidelines"
- .\"
- .SH COPYRIGHT
- Portions of this text are reprinted and reproduced in electronic form
- from IEEE Std 1003.1-2017, Standard for Information Technology
- -- Portable Operating System Interface (POSIX), The Open Group Base
- Specifications Issue 7, 2018 Edition,
- Copyright (C) 2018 by the Institute of
- Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc and The Open Group.
- In the event of any discrepancy between this version and the original IEEE and
- The Open Group Standard, the original IEEE and The Open Group Standard
- is the referee document. The original Standard can be obtained online at
- http://www.opengroup.org/unix/online.html .
- .PP
- Any typographical or formatting errors that appear
- in this page are most likely
- to have been introduced during the conversion of the source files to
- man page format. To report such errors, see
- https://www.kernel.org/doc/man-pages/reporting_bugs.html .