fuser.1p (7332B)
- '\" et
- .TH FUSER "1P" 2017 "IEEE/The Open Group" "POSIX Programmer's Manual"
- .\"
- .SH PROLOG
- This manual page is part of the POSIX Programmer's Manual.
- The Linux implementation of this interface may differ (consult
- the corresponding Linux manual page for details of Linux behavior),
- or the interface may not be implemented on Linux.
- .\"
- .SH NAME
- fuser
- \(em list process IDs of all processes that have one or more files open
- .SH SYNOPSIS
- .LP
- .nf
- fuser \fB[\fR-cfu\fB] \fIfile\fR...
- .fi
- .SH DESCRIPTION
- The
- .IR fuser
- utility shall write to standard output the process IDs of processes
- running on the local system that have one or more named files open.
- For block special devices, all processes using any file on that device
- are listed.
- .P
- The
- .IR fuser
- utility shall write to standard error additional information about the
- named files indicating how the file is being used.
- .P
- Any output for processes running on remote systems that have a named
- file open is unspecified.
- .P
- A user may need appropriate privileges to invoke the
- .IR fuser
- utility.
- .SH OPTIONS
- The
- .IR fuser
- utility shall conform to the Base Definitions volume of POSIX.1\(hy2017,
- .IR "Section 12.2" ", " "Utility Syntax Guidelines".
- .P
- The following options shall be supported:
- .IP "\fB\-c\fR" 10
- The file is treated as a mount point and the utility shall report
- on any files open in the file system.
- .IP "\fB\-f\fR" 10
- The report shall be only for the named files.
- .IP "\fB\-u\fR" 10
- The user name, in parentheses, associated with each process ID written
- to standard output shall be written to standard error.
- .SH OPERANDS
- The following operand shall be supported:
- .IP "\fIfile\fP" 10
- A pathname on which the file or file system is to be reported.
- .SH STDIN
- Not used.
- .SH "INPUT FILES"
- The user database.
- .SH "ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES"
- The following environment variables shall affect the execution of
- .IR fuser :
- .IP "\fILANG\fP" 10
- Provide a default value for the internationalization variables that are
- unset or null. (See the Base Definitions volume of POSIX.1\(hy2017,
- .IR "Section 8.2" ", " "Internationalization Variables"
- for the precedence of internationalization variables used to determine
- the values of locale categories.)
- .IP "\fILC_ALL\fP" 10
- If set to a non-empty string value, override the values of all the
- other internationalization variables.
- .IP "\fILC_CTYPE\fP" 10
- Determine the locale for the interpretation of sequences of bytes of
- text data as characters (for example, single-byte as opposed to
- multi-byte characters in arguments).
- .IP "\fILC_MESSAGES\fP" 10
- .br
- Determine the locale that should be used to affect the format and
- contents of diagnostic messages written to standard error.
- .IP "\fINLSPATH\fP" 10
- Determine the location of message catalogs for the processing of
- .IR LC_MESSAGES .
- .SH "ASYNCHRONOUS EVENTS"
- Default.
- .SH STDOUT
- The
- .IR fuser
- utility shall write the process ID for each process using each file
- given as an operand to standard output in the following format:
- .sp
- .RS 4
- .nf
- "%d", <\fIprocess_id\fR>
- .fi
- .P
- .RE
- .SH STDERR
- The
- .IR fuser
- utility shall write diagnostic messages to standard error.
- .P
- The
- .IR fuser
- utility also shall write the following to standard error:
- .IP " *" 4
- The pathname of each named file is written followed immediately by a
- <colon>.
- .IP " *" 4
- For each process ID written to standard output, the character
- .BR 'c'
- shall be written to standard error if the process is using the file as
- its current directory and the character
- .BR 'r'
- shall be written to standard error if the process is using the file as
- its root directory. Implementations may write other alphabetic
- characters to indicate other uses of files.
- .IP " *" 4
- When the
- .BR \-u
- option is specified, characters indicating the use of the file shall be
- followed immediately by the user name, in parentheses, corresponding to
- the real user ID of the process. If the user name cannot be resolved from
- the real user ID of the process, the real user ID of the process shall
- be written instead of the user name.
- .P
- When standard output and standard error are directed to the same file,
- the output shall be interleaved so that the filename appears at the
- start of each line, followed by the process ID and characters
- indicating the use of the file. Then, if the
- .BR \-u
- option is specified, the user name or user ID for each process using
- that file shall be written.
- .P
- A
- <newline>
- shall be written to standard error after the last output
- described above for each
- .IR file
- operand.
- .SH "OUTPUT FILES"
- None.
- .SH "EXTENDED DESCRIPTION"
- None.
- .SH "EXIT STATUS"
- The following exit values shall be returned:
- .IP "\00" 6
- Successful completion.
- .IP >0 6
- An error occurred.
- .SH "CONSEQUENCES OF ERRORS"
- Default.
- .LP
- .IR "The following sections are informative."
- .SH "APPLICATION USAGE"
- None.
- .SH EXAMPLES
- The command:
- .sp
- .RS 4
- .nf
- fuser -fu .
- .fi
- .P
- .RE
- .P
- writes to standard output the process IDs of processes that are using
- the current directory and writes to standard error an indication of how
- those processes are using the directory and the user names associated
- with the processes that are using the current directory.
- .sp
- .RS 4
- .nf
- fuser -c <\fImount point\fR>
- .fi
- .P
- .RE
- .P
- writes to standard output the process IDs of processes that are using
- any file in the file system which is mounted on <\fImount point\fR>
- and writes to standard error an indication of how those processes are
- using the files.
- .sp
- .RS 4
- .nf
- fuser <\fImount point\fR>
- .fi
- .P
- .RE
- .P
- writes to standard output the process IDs of processes that are using
- the file which is named by <\fImount point\fR> and writes to standard
- error an indication of how those processes are using the file.
- .sp
- .RS 4
- .nf
- fuser <\fIblock device\fR>
- .fi
- .P
- .RE
- .P
- writes to standard output the process IDs of processes that are using
- any file which is on the device named by <\fIblock device\fR> and
- writes to standard error an indication of how those processes are using
- the file.
- .sp
- .RS 4
- .nf
- fuser -f <\fIblock device\fR>
- .fi
- .P
- .RE
- .P
- writes to standard output the process IDs of processes that are using
- the file <\fIblock device\fR> itself and writes to standard error an
- indication of how those processes are using the file.
- .SH RATIONALE
- The definition of the
- .IR fuser
- utility follows existing practice.
- .SH "FUTURE DIRECTIONS"
- None.
- .SH "SEE ALSO"
- The Base Definitions volume of POSIX.1\(hy2017,
- .IR "Chapter 8" ", " "Environment Variables",
- .IR "Section 12.2" ", " "Utility Syntax Guidelines"
- .\"
- .SH COPYRIGHT
- Portions of this text are reprinted and reproduced in electronic form
- from IEEE Std 1003.1-2017, Standard for Information Technology
- -- Portable Operating System Interface (POSIX), The Open Group Base
- Specifications Issue 7, 2018 Edition,
- Copyright (C) 2018 by the Institute of
- Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc and The Open Group.
- In the event of any discrepancy between this version and the original IEEE and
- The Open Group Standard, the original IEEE and The Open Group Standard
- is the referee document. The original Standard can be obtained online at
- http://www.opengroup.org/unix/online.html .
- .PP
- Any typographical or formatting errors that appear
- in this page are most likely
- to have been introduced during the conversion of the source files to
- man page format. To report such errors, see
- https://www.kernel.org/doc/man-pages/reporting_bugs.html .