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objdump.1 (52285B)


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  132. .rm #[ #] #H #V #F C
  133. .\" ========================================================================
  134. .\"
  135. .IX Title "OBJDUMP 1"
  136. .TH OBJDUMP 1 "2022-08-05" "binutils-2.39" "GNU Development Tools"
  137. .\" For nroff, turn off justification. Always turn off hyphenation; it makes
  138. .\" way too many mistakes in technical documents.
  139. .if n .ad l
  140. .nh
  141. .SH "NAME"
  142. objdump \- display information from object files
  143. .SH "SYNOPSIS"
  144. .IX Header "SYNOPSIS"
  145. objdump [\fB\-a\fR|\fB\-\-archive\-headers\fR]
  146. [\fB\-b\fR \fIbfdname\fR|\fB\-\-target=\fR\fIbfdname\fR]
  147. [\fB\-C\fR|\fB\-\-demangle\fR[=\fIstyle\fR] ]
  148. [\fB\-d\fR|\fB\-\-disassemble\fR[=\fIsymbol\fR]]
  149. [\fB\-D\fR|\fB\-\-disassemble\-all\fR]
  150. [\fB\-z\fR|\fB\-\-disassemble\-zeroes\fR]
  151. [\fB\-EB\fR|\fB\-EL\fR|\fB\-\-endian=\fR{big | little }]
  152. [\fB\-f\fR|\fB\-\-file\-headers\fR]
  153. [\fB\-F\fR|\fB\-\-file\-offsets\fR]
  154. [\fB\-\-file\-start\-context\fR]
  155. [\fB\-g\fR|\fB\-\-debugging\fR]
  156. [\fB\-e\fR|\fB\-\-debugging\-tags\fR]
  157. [\fB\-h\fR|\fB\-\-section\-headers\fR|\fB\-\-headers\fR]
  158. [\fB\-i\fR|\fB\-\-info\fR]
  159. [\fB\-j\fR \fIsection\fR|\fB\-\-section=\fR\fIsection\fR]
  160. [\fB\-l\fR|\fB\-\-line\-numbers\fR]
  161. [\fB\-S\fR|\fB\-\-source\fR]
  162. [\fB\-\-source\-comment\fR[=\fItext\fR]]
  163. [\fB\-m\fR \fImachine\fR|\fB\-\-architecture=\fR\fImachine\fR]
  164. [\fB\-M\fR \fIoptions\fR|\fB\-\-disassembler\-options=\fR\fIoptions\fR]
  165. [\fB\-p\fR|\fB\-\-private\-headers\fR]
  166. [\fB\-P\fR \fIoptions\fR|\fB\-\-private=\fR\fIoptions\fR]
  167. [\fB\-r\fR|\fB\-\-reloc\fR]
  168. [\fB\-R\fR|\fB\-\-dynamic\-reloc\fR]
  169. [\fB\-s\fR|\fB\-\-full\-contents\fR]
  170. [\fB\-W[lLiaprmfFsoORtUuTgAck]\fR|
  171. \fB\-\-dwarf\fR[=rawline,=decodedline,=info,=abbrev,=pubnames,=aranges,=macro,=frames,=frames\-interp,=str,=str\-offsets,=loc,=Ranges,=pubtypes,=trace_info,=trace_abbrev,=trace_aranges,=gdb_index,=addr,=cu_index,=links]]
  172. [\fB\-WK\fR|\fB\-\-dwarf=follow\-links\fR]
  173. [\fB\-WN\fR|\fB\-\-dwarf=no\-follow\-links\fR]
  174. [\fB\-wD\fR|\fB\-\-dwarf=use\-debuginfod\fR]
  175. [\fB\-wE\fR|\fB\-\-dwarf=do\-not\-use\-debuginfod\fR]
  176. [\fB\-L\fR|\fB\-\-process\-links\fR]
  177. [\fB\-\-ctf=\fR\fIsection\fR]
  178. [\fB\-G\fR|\fB\-\-stabs\fR]
  179. [\fB\-t\fR|\fB\-\-syms\fR]
  180. [\fB\-T\fR|\fB\-\-dynamic\-syms\fR]
  181. [\fB\-x\fR|\fB\-\-all\-headers\fR]
  182. [\fB\-w\fR|\fB\-\-wide\fR]
  183. [\fB\-\-start\-address=\fR\fIaddress\fR]
  184. [\fB\-\-stop\-address=\fR\fIaddress\fR]
  185. [\fB\-\-no\-addresses\fR]
  186. [\fB\-\-prefix\-addresses\fR]
  187. [\fB\-\-[no\-]show\-raw\-insn\fR]
  188. [\fB\-\-adjust\-vma=\fR\fIoffset\fR]
  189. [\fB\-\-dwarf\-depth=\fR\fIn\fR]
  190. [\fB\-\-dwarf\-start=\fR\fIn\fR]
  191. [\fB\-\-ctf\-parent=\fR\fIsection\fR]
  192. [\fB\-\-no\-recurse\-limit\fR|\fB\-\-recurse\-limit\fR]
  193. [\fB\-\-special\-syms\fR]
  194. [\fB\-\-prefix=\fR\fIprefix\fR]
  195. [\fB\-\-prefix\-strip=\fR\fIlevel\fR]
  196. [\fB\-\-insn\-width=\fR\fIwidth\fR]
  197. [\fB\-\-visualize\-jumps[=color|=extended\-color|=off]\fR
  198. [\fB\-\-disassembler\-color=[color|extended\-color|off]\fR
  199. [\fB\-U\fR \fImethod\fR] [\fB\-\-unicode=\fR\fImethod\fR]
  200. [\fB\-V\fR|\fB\-\-version\fR]
  201. [\fB\-H\fR|\fB\-\-help\fR]
  202. \fIobjfile\fR...
  203. .SH "DESCRIPTION"
  204. .IX Header "DESCRIPTION"
  205. \&\fBobjdump\fR displays information about one or more object files.
  206. The options control what particular information to display. This
  207. information is mostly useful to programmers who are working on the
  208. compilation tools, as opposed to programmers who just want their
  209. program to compile and work.
  210. .PP
  211. \&\fIobjfile\fR... are the object files to be examined. When you
  212. specify archives, \fBobjdump\fR shows information on each of the member
  213. object files.
  214. .SH "OPTIONS"
  215. .IX Header "OPTIONS"
  216. The long and short forms of options, shown here as alternatives, are
  217. equivalent. At least one option from the list
  218. \&\fB\-a,\-d,\-D,\-e,\-f,\-g,\-G,\-h,\-H,\-p,\-P,\-r,\-R,\-s,\-S,\-t,\-T,\-V,\-x\fR must be given.
  219. .IP "\fB\-a\fR" 4
  220. .IX Item "-a"
  221. .PD 0
  222. .IP "\fB\-\-archive\-header\fR" 4
  223. .IX Item "--archive-header"
  224. .PD
  225. If any of the \fIobjfile\fR files are archives, display the archive
  226. header information (in a format similar to \fBls \-l\fR). Besides the
  227. information you could list with \fBar tv\fR, \fBobjdump \-a\fR shows
  228. the object file format of each archive member.
  229. .IP "\fB\-\-adjust\-vma=\fR\fIoffset\fR" 4
  230. .IX Item "--adjust-vma=offset"
  231. When dumping information, first add \fIoffset\fR to all the section
  232. addresses. This is useful if the section addresses do not correspond to
  233. the symbol table, which can happen when putting sections at particular
  234. addresses when using a format which can not represent section addresses,
  235. such as a.out.
  236. .IP "\fB\-b\fR \fIbfdname\fR" 4
  237. .IX Item "-b bfdname"
  238. .PD 0
  239. .IP "\fB\-\-target=\fR\fIbfdname\fR" 4
  240. .IX Item "--target=bfdname"
  241. .PD
  242. Specify that the object-code format for the object files is
  243. \&\fIbfdname\fR. This option may not be necessary; \fIobjdump\fR can
  244. automatically recognize many formats.
  245. .Sp
  246. For example,
  247. .Sp
  248. .Vb 1
  249. \& objdump \-b oasys \-m vax \-h fu.o
  250. .Ve
  251. .Sp
  252. displays summary information from the section headers (\fB\-h\fR) of
  253. \&\fIfu.o\fR, which is explicitly identified (\fB\-m\fR) as a \s-1VAX\s0 object
  254. file in the format produced by Oasys compilers. You can list the
  255. formats available with the \fB\-i\fR option.
  256. .IP "\fB\-C\fR" 4
  257. .IX Item "-C"
  258. .PD 0
  259. .IP "\fB\-\-demangle[=\fR\fIstyle\fR\fB]\fR" 4
  260. .IX Item "--demangle[=style]"
  261. .PD
  262. Decode (\fIdemangle\fR) low-level symbol names into user-level names.
  263. Besides removing any initial underscore prepended by the system, this
  264. makes \*(C+ function names readable. Different compilers have different
  265. mangling styles. The optional demangling style argument can be used to
  266. choose an appropriate demangling style for your compiler.
  267. .IP "\fB\-\-recurse\-limit\fR" 4
  268. .IX Item "--recurse-limit"
  269. .PD 0
  270. .IP "\fB\-\-no\-recurse\-limit\fR" 4
  271. .IX Item "--no-recurse-limit"
  272. .IP "\fB\-\-recursion\-limit\fR" 4
  273. .IX Item "--recursion-limit"
  274. .IP "\fB\-\-no\-recursion\-limit\fR" 4
  275. .IX Item "--no-recursion-limit"
  276. .PD
  277. Enables or disables a limit on the amount of recursion performed
  278. whilst demangling strings. Since the name mangling formats allow for
  279. an infinite level of recursion it is possible to create strings whose
  280. decoding will exhaust the amount of stack space available on the host
  281. machine, triggering a memory fault. The limit tries to prevent this
  282. from happening by restricting recursion to 2048 levels of nesting.
  283. .Sp
  284. The default is for this limit to be enabled, but disabling it may be
  285. necessary in order to demangle truly complicated names. Note however
  286. that if the recursion limit is disabled then stack exhaustion is
  287. possible and any bug reports about such an event will be rejected.
  288. .IP "\fB\-g\fR" 4
  289. .IX Item "-g"
  290. .PD 0
  291. .IP "\fB\-\-debugging\fR" 4
  292. .IX Item "--debugging"
  293. .PD
  294. Display debugging information. This attempts to parse \s-1STABS\s0
  295. debugging format information stored in the file and print it out using
  296. a C like syntax. If no \s-1STABS\s0 debugging was found this option
  297. falls back on the \fB\-W\fR option to print any \s-1DWARF\s0 information in
  298. the file.
  299. .IP "\fB\-e\fR" 4
  300. .IX Item "-e"
  301. .PD 0
  302. .IP "\fB\-\-debugging\-tags\fR" 4
  303. .IX Item "--debugging-tags"
  304. .PD
  305. Like \fB\-g\fR, but the information is generated in a format compatible
  306. with ctags tool.
  307. .IP "\fB\-d\fR" 4
  308. .IX Item "-d"
  309. .PD 0
  310. .IP "\fB\-\-disassemble\fR" 4
  311. .IX Item "--disassemble"
  312. .IP "\fB\-\-disassemble=\fR\fIsymbol\fR" 4
  313. .IX Item "--disassemble=symbol"
  314. .PD
  315. Display the assembler mnemonics for the machine instructions from the
  316. input file. This option only disassembles those sections which are
  317. expected to contain instructions. If the optional \fIsymbol\fR
  318. argument is given, then display the assembler mnemonics starting at
  319. \&\fIsymbol\fR. If \fIsymbol\fR is a function name then disassembly
  320. will stop at the end of the function, otherwise it will stop when the
  321. next symbol is encountered. If there are no matches for \fIsymbol\fR
  322. then nothing will be displayed.
  323. .Sp
  324. Note if the \fB\-\-dwarf=follow\-links\fR option is enabled
  325. then any symbol tables in linked debug info files will be read in and
  326. used when disassembling.
  327. .IP "\fB\-D\fR" 4
  328. .IX Item "-D"
  329. .PD 0
  330. .IP "\fB\-\-disassemble\-all\fR" 4
  331. .IX Item "--disassemble-all"
  332. .PD
  333. Like \fB\-d\fR, but disassemble the contents of all sections, not just
  334. those expected to contain instructions.
  335. .Sp
  336. This option also has a subtle effect on the disassembly of
  337. instructions in code sections. When option \fB\-d\fR is in effect
  338. objdump will assume that any symbols present in a code section occur
  339. on the boundary between instructions and it will refuse to disassemble
  340. across such a boundary. When option \fB\-D\fR is in effect however
  341. this assumption is supressed. This means that it is possible for the
  342. output of \fB\-d\fR and \fB\-D\fR to differ if, for example, data
  343. is stored in code sections.
  344. .Sp
  345. If the target is an \s-1ARM\s0 architecture this switch also has the effect
  346. of forcing the disassembler to decode pieces of data found in code
  347. sections as if they were instructions.
  348. .Sp
  349. Note if the \fB\-\-dwarf=follow\-links\fR option is enabled
  350. then any symbol tables in linked debug info files will be read in and
  351. used when disassembling.
  352. .IP "\fB\-\-no\-addresses\fR" 4
  353. .IX Item "--no-addresses"
  354. When disassembling, don't print addresses on each line or for symbols
  355. and relocation offsets. In combination with \fB\-\-no\-show\-raw\-insn\fR
  356. this may be useful for comparing compiler output.
  357. .IP "\fB\-\-prefix\-addresses\fR" 4
  358. .IX Item "--prefix-addresses"
  359. When disassembling, print the complete address on each line. This is
  360. the older disassembly format.
  361. .IP "\fB\-EB\fR" 4
  362. .IX Item "-EB"
  363. .PD 0
  364. .IP "\fB\-EL\fR" 4
  365. .IX Item "-EL"
  366. .IP "\fB\-\-endian={big|little}\fR" 4
  367. .IX Item "--endian={big|little}"
  368. .PD
  369. Specify the endianness of the object files. This only affects
  370. disassembly. This can be useful when disassembling a file format which
  371. does not describe endianness information, such as S\-records.
  372. .IP "\fB\-f\fR" 4
  373. .IX Item "-f"
  374. .PD 0
  375. .IP "\fB\-\-file\-headers\fR" 4
  376. .IX Item "--file-headers"
  377. .PD
  378. Display summary information from the overall header of
  379. each of the \fIobjfile\fR files.
  380. .IP "\fB\-F\fR" 4
  381. .IX Item "-F"
  382. .PD 0
  383. .IP "\fB\-\-file\-offsets\fR" 4
  384. .IX Item "--file-offsets"
  385. .PD
  386. When disassembling sections, whenever a symbol is displayed, also
  387. display the file offset of the region of data that is about to be
  388. dumped. If zeroes are being skipped, then when disassembly resumes,
  389. tell the user how many zeroes were skipped and the file offset of the
  390. location from where the disassembly resumes. When dumping sections,
  391. display the file offset of the location from where the dump starts.
  392. .IP "\fB\-\-file\-start\-context\fR" 4
  393. .IX Item "--file-start-context"
  394. Specify that when displaying interlisted source code/disassembly
  395. (assumes \fB\-S\fR) from a file that has not yet been displayed, extend the
  396. context to the start of the file.
  397. .IP "\fB\-h\fR" 4
  398. .IX Item "-h"
  399. .PD 0
  400. .IP "\fB\-\-section\-headers\fR" 4
  401. .IX Item "--section-headers"
  402. .IP "\fB\-\-headers\fR" 4
  403. .IX Item "--headers"
  404. .PD
  405. Display summary information from the section headers of the
  406. object file.
  407. .Sp
  408. File segments may be relocated to nonstandard addresses, for example by
  409. using the \fB\-Ttext\fR, \fB\-Tdata\fR, or \fB\-Tbss\fR options to
  410. \&\fBld\fR. However, some object file formats, such as a.out, do not
  411. store the starting address of the file segments. In those situations,
  412. although \fBld\fR relocates the sections correctly, using \fBobjdump
  413. \&\-h\fR to list the file section headers cannot show the correct addresses.
  414. Instead, it shows the usual addresses, which are implicit for the
  415. target.
  416. .Sp
  417. Note, in some cases it is possible for a section to have both the
  418. \&\s-1READONLY\s0 and the \s-1NOREAD\s0 attributes set. In such cases the \s-1NOREAD\s0
  419. attribute takes precedence, but \fBobjdump\fR will report both
  420. since the exact setting of the flag bits might be important.
  421. .IP "\fB\-H\fR" 4
  422. .IX Item "-H"
  423. .PD 0
  424. .IP "\fB\-\-help\fR" 4
  425. .IX Item "--help"
  426. .PD
  427. Print a summary of the options to \fBobjdump\fR and exit.
  428. .IP "\fB\-i\fR" 4
  429. .IX Item "-i"
  430. .PD 0
  431. .IP "\fB\-\-info\fR" 4
  432. .IX Item "--info"
  433. .PD
  434. Display a list showing all architectures and object formats available
  435. for specification with \fB\-b\fR or \fB\-m\fR.
  436. .IP "\fB\-j\fR \fIname\fR" 4
  437. .IX Item "-j name"
  438. .PD 0
  439. .IP "\fB\-\-section=\fR\fIname\fR" 4
  440. .IX Item "--section=name"
  441. .PD
  442. Display information only for section \fIname\fR.
  443. .IP "\fB\-L\fR" 4
  444. .IX Item "-L"
  445. .PD 0
  446. .IP "\fB\-\-process\-links\fR" 4
  447. .IX Item "--process-links"
  448. .PD
  449. Display the contents of non-debug sections found in separate debuginfo
  450. files that are linked to the main file. This option automatically
  451. implies the \fB\-WK\fR option, and only sections requested by other
  452. command line options will be displayed.
  453. .IP "\fB\-l\fR" 4
  454. .IX Item "-l"
  455. .PD 0
  456. .IP "\fB\-\-line\-numbers\fR" 4
  457. .IX Item "--line-numbers"
  458. .PD
  459. Label the display (using debugging information) with the filename and
  460. source line numbers corresponding to the object code or relocs shown.
  461. Only useful with \fB\-d\fR, \fB\-D\fR, or \fB\-r\fR.
  462. .IP "\fB\-m\fR \fImachine\fR" 4
  463. .IX Item "-m machine"
  464. .PD 0
  465. .IP "\fB\-\-architecture=\fR\fImachine\fR" 4
  466. .IX Item "--architecture=machine"
  467. .PD
  468. Specify the architecture to use when disassembling object files. This
  469. can be useful when disassembling object files which do not describe
  470. architecture information, such as S\-records. You can list the available
  471. architectures with the \fB\-i\fR option.
  472. .Sp
  473. If the target is an \s-1ARM\s0 architecture then this switch has an
  474. additional effect. It restricts the disassembly to only those
  475. instructions supported by the architecture specified by \fImachine\fR.
  476. If it is necessary to use this switch because the input file does not
  477. contain any architecture information, but it is also desired to
  478. disassemble all the instructions use \fB\-marm\fR.
  479. .IP "\fB\-M\fR \fIoptions\fR" 4
  480. .IX Item "-M options"
  481. .PD 0
  482. .IP "\fB\-\-disassembler\-options=\fR\fIoptions\fR" 4
  483. .IX Item "--disassembler-options=options"
  484. .PD
  485. Pass target specific information to the disassembler. Only supported on
  486. some targets. If it is necessary to specify more than one
  487. disassembler option then multiple \fB\-M\fR options can be used or
  488. can be placed together into a comma separated list.
  489. .Sp
  490. For \s-1ARC,\s0 \fBdsp\fR controls the printing of \s-1DSP\s0 instructions,
  491. \&\fBspfp\fR selects the printing of \s-1FPX\s0 single precision \s-1FP\s0
  492. instructions, \fBdpfp\fR selects the printing of \s-1FPX\s0 double
  493. precision \s-1FP\s0 instructions, \fBquarkse_em\fR selects the printing of
  494. special QuarkSE-EM instructions, \fBfpuda\fR selects the printing
  495. of double precision assist instructions, \fBfpus\fR selects the
  496. printing of \s-1FPU\s0 single precision \s-1FP\s0 instructions, while \fBfpud\fR
  497. selects the printing of \s-1FPU\s0 double precision \s-1FP\s0 instructions.
  498. Additionally, one can choose to have all the immediates printed in
  499. hexadecimal using \fBhex\fR. By default, the short immediates are
  500. printed using the decimal representation, while the long immediate
  501. values are printed as hexadecimal.
  502. .Sp
  503. \&\fBcpu=...\fR allows one to enforce a particular \s-1ISA\s0 when disassembling
  504. instructions, overriding the \fB\-m\fR value or whatever is in the \s-1ELF\s0 file.
  505. This might be useful to select \s-1ARC EM\s0 or \s-1HS ISA,\s0 because architecture is same
  506. for those and disassembler relies on private \s-1ELF\s0 header data to decide if code
  507. is for \s-1EM\s0 or \s-1HS.\s0 This option might be specified multiple times \- only the
  508. latest value will be used. Valid values are same as for the assembler
  509. \&\fB\-mcpu=...\fR option.
  510. .Sp
  511. If the target is an \s-1ARM\s0 architecture then this switch can be used to
  512. select which register name set is used during disassembler. Specifying
  513. \&\fB\-M reg-names-std\fR (the default) will select the register names as
  514. used in \s-1ARM\s0's instruction set documentation, but with register 13 called
  515. \&'sp', register 14 called 'lr' and register 15 called 'pc'. Specifying
  516. \&\fB\-M reg-names-apcs\fR will select the name set used by the \s-1ARM\s0
  517. Procedure Call Standard, whilst specifying \fB\-M reg-names-raw\fR will
  518. just use \fBr\fR followed by the register number.
  519. .Sp
  520. There are also two variants on the \s-1APCS\s0 register naming scheme enabled
  521. by \fB\-M reg-names-atpcs\fR and \fB\-M reg-names-special-atpcs\fR which
  522. use the ARM/Thumb Procedure Call Standard naming conventions. (Either
  523. with the normal register names or the special register names).
  524. .Sp
  525. This option can also be used for \s-1ARM\s0 architectures to force the
  526. disassembler to interpret all instructions as Thumb instructions by
  527. using the switch \fB\-\-disassembler\-options=force\-thumb\fR. This can be
  528. useful when attempting to disassemble thumb code produced by other
  529. compilers.
  530. .Sp
  531. For AArch64 targets this switch can be used to set whether instructions are
  532. disassembled as the most general instruction using the \fB\-M no-aliases\fR
  533. option or whether instruction notes should be generated as comments in the
  534. disasssembly using \fB\-M notes\fR.
  535. .Sp
  536. For the x86, some of the options duplicate functions of the \fB\-m\fR
  537. switch, but allow finer grained control.
  538. .RS 4
  539. .ie n .IP """x86\-64""" 4
  540. .el .IP "\f(CWx86\-64\fR" 4
  541. .IX Item "x86-64"
  542. .PD 0
  543. .ie n .IP """i386""" 4
  544. .el .IP "\f(CWi386\fR" 4
  545. .IX Item "i386"
  546. .ie n .IP """i8086""" 4
  547. .el .IP "\f(CWi8086\fR" 4
  548. .IX Item "i8086"
  549. .PD
  550. Select disassembly for the given architecture.
  551. .ie n .IP """intel""" 4
  552. .el .IP "\f(CWintel\fR" 4
  553. .IX Item "intel"
  554. .PD 0
  555. .ie n .IP """att""" 4
  556. .el .IP "\f(CWatt\fR" 4
  557. .IX Item "att"
  558. .PD
  559. Select between intel syntax mode and \s-1AT&T\s0 syntax mode.
  560. .ie n .IP """amd64""" 4
  561. .el .IP "\f(CWamd64\fR" 4
  562. .IX Item "amd64"
  563. .PD 0
  564. .ie n .IP """intel64""" 4
  565. .el .IP "\f(CWintel64\fR" 4
  566. .IX Item "intel64"
  567. .PD
  568. Select between \s-1AMD64 ISA\s0 and Intel64 \s-1ISA.\s0
  569. .ie n .IP """intel\-mnemonic""" 4
  570. .el .IP "\f(CWintel\-mnemonic\fR" 4
  571. .IX Item "intel-mnemonic"
  572. .PD 0
  573. .ie n .IP """att\-mnemonic""" 4
  574. .el .IP "\f(CWatt\-mnemonic\fR" 4
  575. .IX Item "att-mnemonic"
  576. .PD
  577. Select between intel mnemonic mode and \s-1AT&T\s0 mnemonic mode.
  578. Note: \f(CW\*(C`intel\-mnemonic\*(C'\fR implies \f(CW\*(C`intel\*(C'\fR and
  579. \&\f(CW\*(C`att\-mnemonic\*(C'\fR implies \f(CW\*(C`att\*(C'\fR.
  580. .ie n .IP """addr64""" 4
  581. .el .IP "\f(CWaddr64\fR" 4
  582. .IX Item "addr64"
  583. .PD 0
  584. .ie n .IP """addr32""" 4
  585. .el .IP "\f(CWaddr32\fR" 4
  586. .IX Item "addr32"
  587. .ie n .IP """addr16""" 4
  588. .el .IP "\f(CWaddr16\fR" 4
  589. .IX Item "addr16"
  590. .ie n .IP """data32""" 4
  591. .el .IP "\f(CWdata32\fR" 4
  592. .IX Item "data32"
  593. .ie n .IP """data16""" 4
  594. .el .IP "\f(CWdata16\fR" 4
  595. .IX Item "data16"
  596. .PD
  597. Specify the default address size and operand size. These five options
  598. will be overridden if \f(CW\*(C`x86\-64\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`i386\*(C'\fR or \f(CW\*(C`i8086\*(C'\fR
  599. appear later in the option string.
  600. .ie n .IP """suffix""" 4
  601. .el .IP "\f(CWsuffix\fR" 4
  602. .IX Item "suffix"
  603. When in \s-1AT&T\s0 mode and also for a limited set of instructions when in Intel
  604. mode, instructs the disassembler to print a mnemonic suffix even when the
  605. suffix could be inferred by the operands or, for certain instructions, the
  606. execution mode's defaults.
  607. .RE
  608. .RS 4
  609. .Sp
  610. For PowerPC, the \fB\-M\fR argument \fBraw\fR selects
  611. disasssembly of hardware insns rather than aliases. For example, you
  612. will see \f(CW\*(C`rlwinm\*(C'\fR rather than \f(CW\*(C`clrlwi\*(C'\fR, and \f(CW\*(C`addi\*(C'\fR
  613. rather than \f(CW\*(C`li\*(C'\fR. All of the \fB\-m\fR arguments for
  614. \&\fBgas\fR that select a \s-1CPU\s0 are supported. These are:
  615. \&\fB403\fR, \fB405\fR, \fB440\fR, \fB464\fR, \fB476\fR,
  616. \&\fB601\fR, \fB603\fR, \fB604\fR, \fB620\fR, \fB7400\fR,
  617. \&\fB7410\fR, \fB7450\fR, \fB7455\fR, \fB750cl\fR,
  618. \&\fB821\fR, \fB850\fR, \fB860\fR, \fBa2\fR, \fBbooke\fR,
  619. \&\fBbooke32\fR, \fBcell\fR, \fBcom\fR, \fBe200z4\fR,
  620. \&\fBe300\fR, \fBe500\fR, \fBe500mc\fR, \fBe500mc64\fR,
  621. \&\fBe500x2\fR, \fBe5500\fR, \fBe6500\fR, \fBefs\fR,
  622. \&\fBpower4\fR, \fBpower5\fR, \fBpower6\fR, \fBpower7\fR,
  623. \&\fBpower8\fR, \fBpower9\fR, \fBpower10\fR, \fBppc\fR,
  624. \&\fBppc32\fR, \fBppc64\fR, \fBppc64bridge\fR, \fBppcps\fR,
  625. \&\fBpwr\fR, \fBpwr2\fR, \fBpwr4\fR, \fBpwr5\fR, \fBpwr5x\fR,
  626. \&\fBpwr6\fR, \fBpwr7\fR, \fBpwr8\fR, \fBpwr9\fR, \fBpwr10\fR,
  627. \&\fBpwrx\fR, \fBtitan\fR, and \fBvle\fR.
  628. \&\fB32\fR and \fB64\fR modify the default or a prior \s-1CPU\s0
  629. selection, disabling and enabling 64\-bit insns respectively. In
  630. addition, \fBaltivec\fR, \fBany\fR, \fBhtm\fR, \fBvsx\fR,
  631. and \fBspe\fR add capabilities to a previous \fIor later\fR \s-1CPU\s0
  632. selection. \fBany\fR will disassemble any opcode known to
  633. binutils, but in cases where an opcode has two different meanings or
  634. different arguments, you may not see the disassembly you expect.
  635. If you disassemble without giving a \s-1CPU\s0 selection, a default will be
  636. chosen from information gleaned by \s-1BFD\s0 from the object files headers,
  637. but the result again may not be as you expect.
  638. .Sp
  639. For \s-1MIPS,\s0 this option controls the printing of instruction mnemonic
  640. names and register names in disassembled instructions. Multiple
  641. selections from the following may be specified as a comma separated
  642. string, and invalid options are ignored:
  643. .ie n .IP """no\-aliases""" 4
  644. .el .IP "\f(CWno\-aliases\fR" 4
  645. .IX Item "no-aliases"
  646. Print the 'raw' instruction mnemonic instead of some pseudo
  647. instruction mnemonic. I.e., print 'daddu' or 'or' instead of 'move',
  648. \&'sll' instead of 'nop', etc.
  649. .ie n .IP """msa""" 4
  650. .el .IP "\f(CWmsa\fR" 4
  651. .IX Item "msa"
  652. Disassemble \s-1MSA\s0 instructions.
  653. .ie n .IP """virt""" 4
  654. .el .IP "\f(CWvirt\fR" 4
  655. .IX Item "virt"
  656. Disassemble the virtualization \s-1ASE\s0 instructions.
  657. .ie n .IP """xpa""" 4
  658. .el .IP "\f(CWxpa\fR" 4
  659. .IX Item "xpa"
  660. Disassemble the eXtended Physical Address (\s-1XPA\s0) \s-1ASE\s0 instructions.
  661. .ie n .IP """gpr\-names=\fIABI\fP""" 4
  662. .el .IP "\f(CWgpr\-names=\f(CIABI\f(CW\fR" 4
  663. .IX Item "gpr-names=ABI"
  664. Print \s-1GPR\s0 (general-purpose register) names as appropriate
  665. for the specified \s-1ABI.\s0 By default, \s-1GPR\s0 names are selected according to
  666. the \s-1ABI\s0 of the binary being disassembled.
  667. .ie n .IP """fpr\-names=\fIABI\fP""" 4
  668. .el .IP "\f(CWfpr\-names=\f(CIABI\f(CW\fR" 4
  669. .IX Item "fpr-names=ABI"
  670. Print \s-1FPR\s0 (floating-point register) names as
  671. appropriate for the specified \s-1ABI.\s0 By default, \s-1FPR\s0 numbers are printed
  672. rather than names.
  673. .ie n .IP """cp0\-names=\fIARCH\fP""" 4
  674. .el .IP "\f(CWcp0\-names=\f(CIARCH\f(CW\fR" 4
  675. .IX Item "cp0-names=ARCH"
  676. Print \s-1CP0\s0 (system control coprocessor; coprocessor 0) register names
  677. as appropriate for the \s-1CPU\s0 or architecture specified by
  678. \&\fI\s-1ARCH\s0\fR. By default, \s-1CP0\s0 register names are selected according to
  679. the architecture and \s-1CPU\s0 of the binary being disassembled.
  680. .ie n .IP """hwr\-names=\fIARCH\fP""" 4
  681. .el .IP "\f(CWhwr\-names=\f(CIARCH\f(CW\fR" 4
  682. .IX Item "hwr-names=ARCH"
  683. Print \s-1HWR\s0 (hardware register, used by the \f(CW\*(C`rdhwr\*(C'\fR instruction) names
  684. as appropriate for the \s-1CPU\s0 or architecture specified by
  685. \&\fI\s-1ARCH\s0\fR. By default, \s-1HWR\s0 names are selected according to
  686. the architecture and \s-1CPU\s0 of the binary being disassembled.
  687. .ie n .IP """reg\-names=\fIABI\fP""" 4
  688. .el .IP "\f(CWreg\-names=\f(CIABI\f(CW\fR" 4
  689. .IX Item "reg-names=ABI"
  690. Print \s-1GPR\s0 and \s-1FPR\s0 names as appropriate for the selected \s-1ABI.\s0
  691. .ie n .IP """reg\-names=\fIARCH\fP""" 4
  692. .el .IP "\f(CWreg\-names=\f(CIARCH\f(CW\fR" 4
  693. .IX Item "reg-names=ARCH"
  694. Print CPU-specific register names (\s-1CP0\s0 register and \s-1HWR\s0 names)
  695. as appropriate for the selected \s-1CPU\s0 or architecture.
  696. .RE
  697. .RS 4
  698. .Sp
  699. For any of the options listed above, \fI\s-1ABI\s0\fR or
  700. \&\fI\s-1ARCH\s0\fR may be specified as \fBnumeric\fR to have numbers printed
  701. rather than names, for the selected types of registers.
  702. You can list the available values of \fI\s-1ABI\s0\fR and \fI\s-1ARCH\s0\fR using
  703. the \fB\-\-help\fR option.
  704. .Sp
  705. For \s-1VAX,\s0 you can specify function entry addresses with \fB\-M
  706. entry:0xf00ba\fR. You can use this multiple times to properly
  707. disassemble \s-1VAX\s0 binary files that don't contain symbol tables (like
  708. \&\s-1ROM\s0 dumps). In these cases, the function entry mask would otherwise
  709. be decoded as \s-1VAX\s0 instructions, which would probably lead the rest
  710. of the function being wrongly disassembled.
  711. .RE
  712. .IP "\fB\-p\fR" 4
  713. .IX Item "-p"
  714. .PD 0
  715. .IP "\fB\-\-private\-headers\fR" 4
  716. .IX Item "--private-headers"
  717. .PD
  718. Print information that is specific to the object file format. The exact
  719. information printed depends upon the object file format. For some
  720. object file formats, no additional information is printed.
  721. .IP "\fB\-P\fR \fIoptions\fR" 4
  722. .IX Item "-P options"
  723. .PD 0
  724. .IP "\fB\-\-private=\fR\fIoptions\fR" 4
  725. .IX Item "--private=options"
  726. .PD
  727. Print information that is specific to the object file format. The
  728. argument \fIoptions\fR is a comma separated list that depends on the
  729. format (the lists of options is displayed with the help).
  730. .Sp
  731. For \s-1XCOFF,\s0 the available options are:
  732. .RS 4
  733. .ie n .IP """header""" 4
  734. .el .IP "\f(CWheader\fR" 4
  735. .IX Item "header"
  736. .PD 0
  737. .ie n .IP """aout""" 4
  738. .el .IP "\f(CWaout\fR" 4
  739. .IX Item "aout"
  740. .ie n .IP """sections""" 4
  741. .el .IP "\f(CWsections\fR" 4
  742. .IX Item "sections"
  743. .ie n .IP """syms""" 4
  744. .el .IP "\f(CWsyms\fR" 4
  745. .IX Item "syms"
  746. .ie n .IP """relocs""" 4
  747. .el .IP "\f(CWrelocs\fR" 4
  748. .IX Item "relocs"
  749. .ie n .IP """lineno,""" 4
  750. .el .IP "\f(CWlineno,\fR" 4
  751. .IX Item "lineno,"
  752. .ie n .IP """loader""" 4
  753. .el .IP "\f(CWloader\fR" 4
  754. .IX Item "loader"
  755. .ie n .IP """except""" 4
  756. .el .IP "\f(CWexcept\fR" 4
  757. .IX Item "except"
  758. .ie n .IP """typchk""" 4
  759. .el .IP "\f(CWtypchk\fR" 4
  760. .IX Item "typchk"
  761. .ie n .IP """traceback""" 4
  762. .el .IP "\f(CWtraceback\fR" 4
  763. .IX Item "traceback"
  764. .ie n .IP """toc""" 4
  765. .el .IP "\f(CWtoc\fR" 4
  766. .IX Item "toc"
  767. .ie n .IP """ldinfo""" 4
  768. .el .IP "\f(CWldinfo\fR" 4
  769. .IX Item "ldinfo"
  770. .RE
  771. .RS 4
  772. .PD
  773. .Sp
  774. Not all object formats support this option. In particular the \s-1ELF\s0
  775. format does not use it.
  776. .RE
  777. .IP "\fB\-r\fR" 4
  778. .IX Item "-r"
  779. .PD 0
  780. .IP "\fB\-\-reloc\fR" 4
  781. .IX Item "--reloc"
  782. .PD
  783. Print the relocation entries of the file. If used with \fB\-d\fR or
  784. \&\fB\-D\fR, the relocations are printed interspersed with the
  785. disassembly.
  786. .IP "\fB\-R\fR" 4
  787. .IX Item "-R"
  788. .PD 0
  789. .IP "\fB\-\-dynamic\-reloc\fR" 4
  790. .IX Item "--dynamic-reloc"
  791. .PD
  792. Print the dynamic relocation entries of the file. This is only
  793. meaningful for dynamic objects, such as certain types of shared
  794. libraries. As for \fB\-r\fR, if used with \fB\-d\fR or
  795. \&\fB\-D\fR, the relocations are printed interspersed with the
  796. disassembly.
  797. .IP "\fB\-s\fR" 4
  798. .IX Item "-s"
  799. .PD 0
  800. .IP "\fB\-\-full\-contents\fR" 4
  801. .IX Item "--full-contents"
  802. .PD
  803. Display the full contents of any sections requested. By default all
  804. non-empty sections are displayed.
  805. .IP "\fB\-S\fR" 4
  806. .IX Item "-S"
  807. .PD 0
  808. .IP "\fB\-\-source\fR" 4
  809. .IX Item "--source"
  810. .PD
  811. Display source code intermixed with disassembly, if possible. Implies
  812. \&\fB\-d\fR.
  813. .IP "\fB\-\-source\-comment[=\fR\fItxt\fR\fB]\fR" 4
  814. .IX Item "--source-comment[=txt]"
  815. Like the \fB\-S\fR option, but all source code lines are displayed
  816. with a prefix of \fItxt\fR. Typically \fItxt\fR will be a comment
  817. string which can be used to distinguish the assembler code from the
  818. source code. If \fItxt\fR is not provided then a default string of
  819. \&\fI\*(L"# \*(R"\fR (hash followed by a space), will be used.
  820. .IP "\fB\-\-prefix=\fR\fIprefix\fR" 4
  821. .IX Item "--prefix=prefix"
  822. Specify \fIprefix\fR to add to the absolute paths when used with
  823. \&\fB\-S\fR.
  824. .IP "\fB\-\-prefix\-strip=\fR\fIlevel\fR" 4
  825. .IX Item "--prefix-strip=level"
  826. Indicate how many initial directory names to strip off the hardwired
  827. absolute paths. It has no effect without \fB\-\-prefix=\fR\fIprefix\fR.
  828. .IP "\fB\-\-show\-raw\-insn\fR" 4
  829. .IX Item "--show-raw-insn"
  830. When disassembling instructions, print the instruction in hex as well as
  831. in symbolic form. This is the default except when
  832. \&\fB\-\-prefix\-addresses\fR is used.
  833. .IP "\fB\-\-no\-show\-raw\-insn\fR" 4
  834. .IX Item "--no-show-raw-insn"
  835. When disassembling instructions, do not print the instruction bytes.
  836. This is the default when \fB\-\-prefix\-addresses\fR is used.
  837. .IP "\fB\-\-insn\-width=\fR\fIwidth\fR" 4
  838. .IX Item "--insn-width=width"
  839. Display \fIwidth\fR bytes on a single line when disassembling
  840. instructions.
  841. .IP "\fB\-\-visualize\-jumps[=color|=extended\-color|=off]\fR" 4
  842. .IX Item "--visualize-jumps[=color|=extended-color|=off]"
  843. Visualize jumps that stay inside a function by drawing \s-1ASCII\s0 art between
  844. the start and target addresses. The optional \fB=color\fR argument
  845. adds color to the output using simple terminal colors. Alternatively
  846. the \fB=extended\-color\fR argument will add color using 8bit
  847. colors, but these might not work on all terminals.
  848. .Sp
  849. If it is necessary to disable the \fBvisualize-jumps\fR option
  850. after it has previously been enabled then use
  851. \&\fBvisualize\-jumps=off\fR.
  852. .IP "\fB\-\-disassembler\-color=[color|extended\-color|off]\fR" 4
  853. .IX Item "--disassembler-color=[color|extended-color|off]"
  854. Apply syntax highlighting to the disassembler output. The
  855. \&\fBcolor\fR argument adds color using simple terminal colors.
  856. Alternatively the \fBextended-color\fR argument will use 8bit
  857. colors, but these might not work on all terminals.
  858. .Sp
  859. If it is necessary to disable the \fB\-\-disassembler\-color\fR option
  860. after it has previously been enabled then use
  861. \&\fB\-\-disassembler\-color=off\fR.
  862. .IP "\fB\-W[lLiaprmfFsoORtUuTgAckK]\fR" 4
  863. .IX Item "-W[lLiaprmfFsoORtUuTgAckK]"
  864. .PD 0
  865. .IP "\fB\-\-dwarf[=rawline,=decodedline,=info,=abbrev,=pubnames,=aranges,=macro,=frames,=frames\-interp,=str,=str\-offsets,=loc,=Ranges,=pubtypes,=trace_info,=trace_abbrev,=trace_aranges,=gdb_index,=addr,=cu_index,=links,=follow\-links]\fR" 4
  866. .IX Item "--dwarf[=rawline,=decodedline,=info,=abbrev,=pubnames,=aranges,=macro,=frames,=frames-interp,=str,=str-offsets,=loc,=Ranges,=pubtypes,=trace_info,=trace_abbrev,=trace_aranges,=gdb_index,=addr,=cu_index,=links,=follow-links]"
  867. .PD
  868. Displays the contents of the \s-1DWARF\s0 debug sections in the file, if any
  869. are present. Compressed debug sections are automatically decompressed
  870. (temporarily) before they are displayed. If one or more of the
  871. optional letters or words follows the switch then only those type(s)
  872. of data will be dumped. The letters and words refer to the following
  873. information:
  874. .RS 4
  875. .ie n .IP """a""" 4
  876. .el .IP "\f(CWa\fR" 4
  877. .IX Item "a"
  878. .PD 0
  879. .ie n .IP """=abbrev""" 4
  880. .el .IP "\f(CW=abbrev\fR" 4
  881. .IX Item "=abbrev"
  882. .PD
  883. Displays the contents of the \fB.debug_abbrev\fR section.
  884. .ie n .IP """A""" 4
  885. .el .IP "\f(CWA\fR" 4
  886. .IX Item "A"
  887. .PD 0
  888. .ie n .IP """=addr""" 4
  889. .el .IP "\f(CW=addr\fR" 4
  890. .IX Item "=addr"
  891. .PD
  892. Displays the contents of the \fB.debug_addr\fR section.
  893. .ie n .IP """c""" 4
  894. .el .IP "\f(CWc\fR" 4
  895. .IX Item "c"
  896. .PD 0
  897. .ie n .IP """=cu_index""" 4
  898. .el .IP "\f(CW=cu_index\fR" 4
  899. .IX Item "=cu_index"
  900. .PD
  901. Displays the contents of the \fB.debug_cu_index\fR and/or
  902. \&\fB.debug_tu_index\fR sections.
  903. .ie n .IP """f""" 4
  904. .el .IP "\f(CWf\fR" 4
  905. .IX Item "f"
  906. .PD 0
  907. .ie n .IP """=frames""" 4
  908. .el .IP "\f(CW=frames\fR" 4
  909. .IX Item "=frames"
  910. .PD
  911. Display the raw contents of a \fB.debug_frame\fR section.
  912. .ie n .IP """F""" 4
  913. .el .IP "\f(CWF\fR" 4
  914. .IX Item "F"
  915. .PD 0
  916. .ie n .IP """=frames\-interp""" 4
  917. .el .IP "\f(CW=frames\-interp\fR" 4
  918. .IX Item "=frames-interp"
  919. .PD
  920. Display the interpreted contents of a \fB.debug_frame\fR section.
  921. .ie n .IP """g""" 4
  922. .el .IP "\f(CWg\fR" 4
  923. .IX Item "g"
  924. .PD 0
  925. .ie n .IP """=gdb_index""" 4
  926. .el .IP "\f(CW=gdb_index\fR" 4
  927. .IX Item "=gdb_index"
  928. .PD
  929. Displays the contents of the \fB.gdb_index\fR and/or
  930. \&\fB.debug_names\fR sections.
  931. .ie n .IP """i""" 4
  932. .el .IP "\f(CWi\fR" 4
  933. .IX Item "i"
  934. .PD 0
  935. .ie n .IP """=info""" 4
  936. .el .IP "\f(CW=info\fR" 4
  937. .IX Item "=info"
  938. .PD
  939. Displays the contents of the \fB.debug_info\fR section. Note: the
  940. output from this option can also be restricted by the use of the
  941. \&\fB\-\-dwarf\-depth\fR and \fB\-\-dwarf\-start\fR options.
  942. .ie n .IP """k""" 4
  943. .el .IP "\f(CWk\fR" 4
  944. .IX Item "k"
  945. .PD 0
  946. .ie n .IP """=links""" 4
  947. .el .IP "\f(CW=links\fR" 4
  948. .IX Item "=links"
  949. .PD
  950. Displays the contents of the \fB.gnu_debuglink\fR,
  951. \&\fB.gnu_debugaltlink\fR and \fB.debug_sup\fR sections, if any of
  952. them are present. Also displays any links to separate dwarf object
  953. files (dwo), if they are specified by the DW_AT_GNU_dwo_name or
  954. DW_AT_dwo_name attributes in the \fB.debug_info\fR section.
  955. .ie n .IP """K""" 4
  956. .el .IP "\f(CWK\fR" 4
  957. .IX Item "K"
  958. .PD 0
  959. .ie n .IP """=follow\-links""" 4
  960. .el .IP "\f(CW=follow\-links\fR" 4
  961. .IX Item "=follow-links"
  962. .PD
  963. Display the contents of any selected debug sections that are found in
  964. linked, separate debug info file(s). This can result in multiple
  965. versions of the same debug section being displayed if it exists in
  966. more than one file.
  967. .Sp
  968. In addition, when displaying \s-1DWARF\s0 attributes, if a form is found that
  969. references the separate debug info file, then the referenced contents
  970. will also be displayed.
  971. .Sp
  972. Note \- in some distributions this option is enabled by default. It
  973. can be disabled via the \fBN\fR debug option. The default can be
  974. chosen when configuring the binutils via the
  975. \&\fB\-\-enable\-follow\-debug\-links=yes\fR or
  976. \&\fB\-\-enable\-follow\-debug\-links=no\fR options. If these are not
  977. used then the default is to enable the following of debug links.
  978. .Sp
  979. Note \- if support for the debuginfod protocol was enabled when the
  980. binutils were built then this option will also include an attempt to
  981. contact any debuginfod servers mentioned in the \fI\s-1DEBUGINFOD_URLS\s0\fR
  982. environment variable. This could take some time to resolve. This
  983. behaviour can be disabled via the \fB=do\-not\-use\-debuginfod\fR debug
  984. option.
  985. .ie n .IP """N""" 4
  986. .el .IP "\f(CWN\fR" 4
  987. .IX Item "N"
  988. .PD 0
  989. .ie n .IP """=no\-follow\-links""" 4
  990. .el .IP "\f(CW=no\-follow\-links\fR" 4
  991. .IX Item "=no-follow-links"
  992. .PD
  993. Disables the following of links to separate debug info files.
  994. .ie n .IP """D""" 4
  995. .el .IP "\f(CWD\fR" 4
  996. .IX Item "D"
  997. .PD 0
  998. .ie n .IP """=use\-debuginfod""" 4
  999. .el .IP "\f(CW=use\-debuginfod\fR" 4
  1000. .IX Item "=use-debuginfod"
  1001. .PD
  1002. Enables contacting debuginfod servers if there is a need to follow
  1003. debug links. This is the default behaviour.
  1004. .ie n .IP """E""" 4
  1005. .el .IP "\f(CWE\fR" 4
  1006. .IX Item "E"
  1007. .PD 0
  1008. .ie n .IP """=do\-not\-use\-debuginfod""" 4
  1009. .el .IP "\f(CW=do\-not\-use\-debuginfod\fR" 4
  1010. .IX Item "=do-not-use-debuginfod"
  1011. .PD
  1012. Disables contacting debuginfod servers when there is a need to follow
  1013. debug links.
  1014. .ie n .IP """l""" 4
  1015. .el .IP "\f(CWl\fR" 4
  1016. .IX Item "l"
  1017. .PD 0
  1018. .ie n .IP """=rawline""" 4
  1019. .el .IP "\f(CW=rawline\fR" 4
  1020. .IX Item "=rawline"
  1021. .PD
  1022. Displays the contents of the \fB.debug_line\fR section in a raw
  1023. format.
  1024. .ie n .IP """L""" 4
  1025. .el .IP "\f(CWL\fR" 4
  1026. .IX Item "L"
  1027. .PD 0
  1028. .ie n .IP """=decodedline""" 4
  1029. .el .IP "\f(CW=decodedline\fR" 4
  1030. .IX Item "=decodedline"
  1031. .PD
  1032. Displays the interpreted contents of the \fB.debug_line\fR section.
  1033. .ie n .IP """m""" 4
  1034. .el .IP "\f(CWm\fR" 4
  1035. .IX Item "m"
  1036. .PD 0
  1037. .ie n .IP """=macro""" 4
  1038. .el .IP "\f(CW=macro\fR" 4
  1039. .IX Item "=macro"
  1040. .PD
  1041. Displays the contents of the \fB.debug_macro\fR and/or
  1042. \&\fB.debug_macinfo\fR sections.
  1043. .ie n .IP """o""" 4
  1044. .el .IP "\f(CWo\fR" 4
  1045. .IX Item "o"
  1046. .PD 0
  1047. .ie n .IP """=loc""" 4
  1048. .el .IP "\f(CW=loc\fR" 4
  1049. .IX Item "=loc"
  1050. .PD
  1051. Displays the contents of the \fB.debug_loc\fR and/or
  1052. \&\fB.debug_loclists\fR sections.
  1053. .ie n .IP """O""" 4
  1054. .el .IP "\f(CWO\fR" 4
  1055. .IX Item "O"
  1056. .PD 0
  1057. .ie n .IP """=str\-offsets""" 4
  1058. .el .IP "\f(CW=str\-offsets\fR" 4
  1059. .IX Item "=str-offsets"
  1060. .PD
  1061. Displays the contents of the \fB.debug_str_offsets\fR section.
  1062. .ie n .IP """p""" 4
  1063. .el .IP "\f(CWp\fR" 4
  1064. .IX Item "p"
  1065. .PD 0
  1066. .ie n .IP """=pubnames""" 4
  1067. .el .IP "\f(CW=pubnames\fR" 4
  1068. .IX Item "=pubnames"
  1069. .PD
  1070. Displays the contents of the \fB.debug_pubnames\fR and/or
  1071. \&\fB.debug_gnu_pubnames\fR sections.
  1072. .ie n .IP """r""" 4
  1073. .el .IP "\f(CWr\fR" 4
  1074. .IX Item "r"
  1075. .PD 0
  1076. .ie n .IP """=aranges""" 4
  1077. .el .IP "\f(CW=aranges\fR" 4
  1078. .IX Item "=aranges"
  1079. .PD
  1080. Displays the contents of the \fB.debug_aranges\fR section.
  1081. .ie n .IP """R""" 4
  1082. .el .IP "\f(CWR\fR" 4
  1083. .IX Item "R"
  1084. .PD 0
  1085. .ie n .IP """=Ranges""" 4
  1086. .el .IP "\f(CW=Ranges\fR" 4
  1087. .IX Item "=Ranges"
  1088. .PD
  1089. Displays the contents of the \fB.debug_ranges\fR and/or
  1090. \&\fB.debug_rnglists\fR sections.
  1091. .ie n .IP """s""" 4
  1092. .el .IP "\f(CWs\fR" 4
  1093. .IX Item "s"
  1094. .PD 0
  1095. .ie n .IP """=str""" 4
  1096. .el .IP "\f(CW=str\fR" 4
  1097. .IX Item "=str"
  1098. .PD
  1099. Displays the contents of the \fB.debug_str\fR, \fB.debug_line_str\fR
  1100. and/or \fB.debug_str_offsets\fR sections.
  1101. .ie n .IP """t""" 4
  1102. .el .IP "\f(CWt\fR" 4
  1103. .IX Item "t"
  1104. .PD 0
  1105. .ie n .IP """=pubtype""" 4
  1106. .el .IP "\f(CW=pubtype\fR" 4
  1107. .IX Item "=pubtype"
  1108. .PD
  1109. Displays the contents of the \fB.debug_pubtypes\fR and/or
  1110. \&\fB.debug_gnu_pubtypes\fR sections.
  1111. .ie n .IP """T""" 4
  1112. .el .IP "\f(CWT\fR" 4
  1113. .IX Item "T"
  1114. .PD 0
  1115. .ie n .IP """=trace_aranges""" 4
  1116. .el .IP "\f(CW=trace_aranges\fR" 4
  1117. .IX Item "=trace_aranges"
  1118. .PD
  1119. Displays the contents of the \fB.trace_aranges\fR section.
  1120. .ie n .IP """u""" 4
  1121. .el .IP "\f(CWu\fR" 4
  1122. .IX Item "u"
  1123. .PD 0
  1124. .ie n .IP """=trace_abbrev""" 4
  1125. .el .IP "\f(CW=trace_abbrev\fR" 4
  1126. .IX Item "=trace_abbrev"
  1127. .PD
  1128. Displays the contents of the \fB.trace_abbrev\fR section.
  1129. .ie n .IP """U""" 4
  1130. .el .IP "\f(CWU\fR" 4
  1131. .IX Item "U"
  1132. .PD 0
  1133. .ie n .IP """=trace_info""" 4
  1134. .el .IP "\f(CW=trace_info\fR" 4
  1135. .IX Item "=trace_info"
  1136. .PD
  1137. Displays the contents of the \fB.trace_info\fR section.
  1138. .RE
  1139. .RS 4
  1140. .Sp
  1141. Note: displaying the contents of \fB.debug_static_funcs\fR,
  1142. \&\fB.debug_static_vars\fR and \fBdebug_weaknames\fR sections is not
  1143. currently supported.
  1144. .RE
  1145. .IP "\fB\-\-dwarf\-depth=\fR\fIn\fR" 4
  1146. .IX Item "--dwarf-depth=n"
  1147. Limit the dump of the \f(CW\*(C`.debug_info\*(C'\fR section to \fIn\fR children.
  1148. This is only useful with \fB\-\-debug\-dump=info\fR. The default is
  1149. to print all DIEs; the special value 0 for \fIn\fR will also have this
  1150. effect.
  1151. .Sp
  1152. With a non-zero value for \fIn\fR, DIEs at or deeper than \fIn\fR
  1153. levels will not be printed. The range for \fIn\fR is zero-based.
  1154. .IP "\fB\-\-dwarf\-start=\fR\fIn\fR" 4
  1155. .IX Item "--dwarf-start=n"
  1156. Print only DIEs beginning with the \s-1DIE\s0 numbered \fIn\fR. This is only
  1157. useful with \fB\-\-debug\-dump=info\fR.
  1158. .Sp
  1159. If specified, this option will suppress printing of any header
  1160. information and all DIEs before the \s-1DIE\s0 numbered \fIn\fR. Only
  1161. siblings and children of the specified \s-1DIE\s0 will be printed.
  1162. .Sp
  1163. This can be used in conjunction with \fB\-\-dwarf\-depth\fR.
  1164. .IP "\fB\-\-dwarf\-check\fR" 4
  1165. .IX Item "--dwarf-check"
  1166. Enable additional checks for consistency of Dwarf information.
  1167. .IP "\fB\-\-ctf[=\fR\fIsection\fR\fB]\fR" 4
  1168. .IX Item "--ctf[=section]"
  1169. Display the contents of the specified \s-1CTF\s0 section. \s-1CTF\s0 sections themselves
  1170. contain many subsections, all of which are displayed in order.
  1171. .Sp
  1172. By default, display the name of the section named \fI.ctf\fR, which is the
  1173. name emitted by \fBld\fR.
  1174. .IP "\fB\-\-ctf\-parent=\fR\fImember\fR" 4
  1175. .IX Item "--ctf-parent=member"
  1176. If the \s-1CTF\s0 section contains ambiguously-defined types, it will consist
  1177. of an archive of many \s-1CTF\s0 dictionaries, all inheriting from one
  1178. dictionary containing unambiguous types. This member is by default
  1179. named \fI.ctf\fR, like the section containing it, but it is possible to
  1180. change this name using the \f(CW\*(C`ctf_link_set_memb_name_changer\*(C'\fR
  1181. function at link time. When looking at \s-1CTF\s0 archives that have been
  1182. created by a linker that uses the name changer to rename the parent
  1183. archive member, \fB\-\-ctf\-parent\fR can be used to specify the name
  1184. used for the parent.
  1185. .IP "\fB\-G\fR" 4
  1186. .IX Item "-G"
  1187. .PD 0
  1188. .IP "\fB\-\-stabs\fR" 4
  1189. .IX Item "--stabs"
  1190. .PD
  1191. Display the full contents of any sections requested. Display the
  1192. contents of the .stab and .stab.index and .stab.excl sections from an
  1193. \&\s-1ELF\s0 file. This is only useful on systems (such as Solaris 2.0) in which
  1194. \&\f(CW\*(C`.stab\*(C'\fR debugging symbol-table entries are carried in an \s-1ELF\s0
  1195. section. In most other file formats, debugging symbol-table entries are
  1196. interleaved with linkage symbols, and are visible in the \fB\-\-syms\fR
  1197. output.
  1198. .IP "\fB\-\-start\-address=\fR\fIaddress\fR" 4
  1199. .IX Item "--start-address=address"
  1200. Start displaying data at the specified address. This affects the output
  1201. of the \fB\-d\fR, \fB\-r\fR and \fB\-s\fR options.
  1202. .IP "\fB\-\-stop\-address=\fR\fIaddress\fR" 4
  1203. .IX Item "--stop-address=address"
  1204. Stop displaying data at the specified address. This affects the output
  1205. of the \fB\-d\fR, \fB\-r\fR and \fB\-s\fR options.
  1206. .IP "\fB\-t\fR" 4
  1207. .IX Item "-t"
  1208. .PD 0
  1209. .IP "\fB\-\-syms\fR" 4
  1210. .IX Item "--syms"
  1211. .PD
  1212. Print the symbol table entries of the file.
  1213. This is similar to the information provided by the \fBnm\fR program,
  1214. although the display format is different. The format of the output
  1215. depends upon the format of the file being dumped, but there are two main
  1216. types. One looks like this:
  1217. .Sp
  1218. .Vb 2
  1219. \& [ 4](sec 3)(fl 0x00)(ty 0)(scl 3) (nx 1) 0x00000000 .bss
  1220. \& [ 6](sec 1)(fl 0x00)(ty 0)(scl 2) (nx 0) 0x00000000 fred
  1221. .Ve
  1222. .Sp
  1223. where the number inside the square brackets is the number of the entry
  1224. in the symbol table, the \fIsec\fR number is the section number, the
  1225. \&\fIfl\fR value are the symbol's flag bits, the \fIty\fR number is the
  1226. symbol's type, the \fIscl\fR number is the symbol's storage class and
  1227. the \fInx\fR value is the number of auxiliary entries associated with
  1228. the symbol. The last two fields are the symbol's value and its name.
  1229. .Sp
  1230. The other common output format, usually seen with \s-1ELF\s0 based files,
  1231. looks like this:
  1232. .Sp
  1233. .Vb 2
  1234. \& 00000000 l d .bss 00000000 .bss
  1235. \& 00000000 g .text 00000000 fred
  1236. .Ve
  1237. .Sp
  1238. Here the first number is the symbol's value (sometimes referred to as
  1239. its address). The next field is actually a set of characters and
  1240. spaces indicating the flag bits that are set on the symbol. These
  1241. characters are described below. Next is the section with which the
  1242. symbol is associated or \fI*ABS*\fR if the section is absolute (ie
  1243. not connected with any section), or \fI*UND*\fR if the section is
  1244. referenced in the file being dumped, but not defined there.
  1245. .Sp
  1246. After the section name comes another field, a number, which for common
  1247. symbols is the alignment and for other symbol is the size. Finally
  1248. the symbol's name is displayed.
  1249. .Sp
  1250. The flag characters are divided into 7 groups as follows:
  1251. .RS 4
  1252. .ie n .IP """l""" 4
  1253. .el .IP "\f(CWl\fR" 4
  1254. .IX Item "l"
  1255. .PD 0
  1256. .ie n .IP """g""" 4
  1257. .el .IP "\f(CWg\fR" 4
  1258. .IX Item "g"
  1259. .ie n .IP """u""" 4
  1260. .el .IP "\f(CWu\fR" 4
  1261. .IX Item "u"
  1262. .ie n .IP """!""" 4
  1263. .el .IP "\f(CW!\fR" 4
  1264. .IX Item "!"
  1265. .PD
  1266. The symbol is a local (l), global (g), unique global (u), neither
  1267. global nor local (a space) or both global and local (!). A
  1268. symbol can be neither local or global for a variety of reasons, e.g.,
  1269. because it is used for debugging, but it is probably an indication of
  1270. a bug if it is ever both local and global. Unique global symbols are
  1271. a \s-1GNU\s0 extension to the standard set of \s-1ELF\s0 symbol bindings. For such
  1272. a symbol the dynamic linker will make sure that in the entire process
  1273. there is just one symbol with this name and type in use.
  1274. .ie n .IP """w""" 4
  1275. .el .IP "\f(CWw\fR" 4
  1276. .IX Item "w"
  1277. The symbol is weak (w) or strong (a space).
  1278. .ie n .IP """C""" 4
  1279. .el .IP "\f(CWC\fR" 4
  1280. .IX Item "C"
  1281. The symbol denotes a constructor (C) or an ordinary symbol (a space).
  1282. .ie n .IP """W""" 4
  1283. .el .IP "\f(CWW\fR" 4
  1284. .IX Item "W"
  1285. The symbol is a warning (W) or a normal symbol (a space). A warning
  1286. symbol's name is a message to be displayed if the symbol following the
  1287. warning symbol is ever referenced.
  1288. .ie n .IP """I""" 4
  1289. .el .IP "\f(CWI\fR" 4
  1290. .IX Item "I"
  1291. .PD 0
  1292. .ie n .IP """i""" 4
  1293. .el .IP "\f(CWi\fR" 4
  1294. .IX Item "i"
  1295. .PD
  1296. The symbol is an indirect reference to another symbol (I), a function
  1297. to be evaluated during reloc processing (i) or a normal symbol (a
  1298. space).
  1299. .ie n .IP """d""" 4
  1300. .el .IP "\f(CWd\fR" 4
  1301. .IX Item "d"
  1302. .PD 0
  1303. .ie n .IP """D""" 4
  1304. .el .IP "\f(CWD\fR" 4
  1305. .IX Item "D"
  1306. .PD
  1307. The symbol is a debugging symbol (d) or a dynamic symbol (D) or a
  1308. normal symbol (a space).
  1309. .ie n .IP """F""" 4
  1310. .el .IP "\f(CWF\fR" 4
  1311. .IX Item "F"
  1312. .PD 0
  1313. .ie n .IP """f""" 4
  1314. .el .IP "\f(CWf\fR" 4
  1315. .IX Item "f"
  1316. .ie n .IP """O""" 4
  1317. .el .IP "\f(CWO\fR" 4
  1318. .IX Item "O"
  1319. .PD
  1320. The symbol is the name of a function (F) or a file (f) or an object
  1321. (O) or just a normal symbol (a space).
  1322. .RE
  1323. .RS 4
  1324. .RE
  1325. .IP "\fB\-T\fR" 4
  1326. .IX Item "-T"
  1327. .PD 0
  1328. .IP "\fB\-\-dynamic\-syms\fR" 4
  1329. .IX Item "--dynamic-syms"
  1330. .PD
  1331. Print the dynamic symbol table entries of the file. This is only
  1332. meaningful for dynamic objects, such as certain types of shared
  1333. libraries. This is similar to the information provided by the \fBnm\fR
  1334. program when given the \fB\-D\fR (\fB\-\-dynamic\fR) option.
  1335. .Sp
  1336. The output format is similar to that produced by the \fB\-\-syms\fR
  1337. option, except that an extra field is inserted before the symbol's
  1338. name, giving the version information associated with the symbol.
  1339. If the version is the default version to be used when resolving
  1340. unversioned references to the symbol then it's displayed as is,
  1341. otherwise it's put into parentheses.
  1342. .IP "\fB\-\-special\-syms\fR" 4
  1343. .IX Item "--special-syms"
  1344. When displaying symbols include those which the target considers to be
  1345. special in some way and which would not normally be of interest to the
  1346. user.
  1347. .IP "\fB\-U\fR \fI[d|i|l|e|x|h]\fR" 4
  1348. .IX Item "-U [d|i|l|e|x|h]"
  1349. .PD 0
  1350. .IP "\fB\-\-unicode=\fR\fI[default|invalid|locale|escape|hex|highlight]\fR" 4
  1351. .IX Item "--unicode=[default|invalid|locale|escape|hex|highlight]"
  1352. .PD
  1353. Controls the display of \s-1UTF\-8\s0 encoded multibyte characters in strings.
  1354. The default (\fB\-\-unicode=default\fR) is to give them no special
  1355. treatment. The \fB\-\-unicode=locale\fR option displays the sequence
  1356. in the current locale, which may or may not support them. The options
  1357. \&\fB\-\-unicode=hex\fR and \fB\-\-unicode=invalid\fR display them as
  1358. hex byte sequences enclosed by either angle brackets or curly braces.
  1359. .Sp
  1360. The \fB\-\-unicode=escape\fR option displays them as escape sequences
  1361. (\fI\euxxxx\fR) and the \fB\-\-unicode=highlight\fR option displays
  1362. them as escape sequences highlighted in red (if supported by the
  1363. output device). The colouring is intended to draw attention to the
  1364. presence of unicode sequences where they might not be expected.
  1365. .IP "\fB\-V\fR" 4
  1366. .IX Item "-V"
  1367. .PD 0
  1368. .IP "\fB\-\-version\fR" 4
  1369. .IX Item "--version"
  1370. .PD
  1371. Print the version number of \fBobjdump\fR and exit.
  1372. .IP "\fB\-x\fR" 4
  1373. .IX Item "-x"
  1374. .PD 0
  1375. .IP "\fB\-\-all\-headers\fR" 4
  1376. .IX Item "--all-headers"
  1377. .PD
  1378. Display all available header information, including the symbol table and
  1379. relocation entries. Using \fB\-x\fR is equivalent to specifying all of
  1380. \&\fB\-a \-f \-h \-p \-r \-t\fR.
  1381. .IP "\fB\-w\fR" 4
  1382. .IX Item "-w"
  1383. .PD 0
  1384. .IP "\fB\-\-wide\fR" 4
  1385. .IX Item "--wide"
  1386. .PD
  1387. Format some lines for output devices that have more than 80 columns.
  1388. Also do not truncate symbol names when they are displayed.
  1389. .IP "\fB\-z\fR" 4
  1390. .IX Item "-z"
  1391. .PD 0
  1392. .IP "\fB\-\-disassemble\-zeroes\fR" 4
  1393. .IX Item "--disassemble-zeroes"
  1394. .PD
  1395. Normally the disassembly output will skip blocks of zeroes. This
  1396. option directs the disassembler to disassemble those blocks, just like
  1397. any other data.
  1398. .IP "\fB@\fR\fIfile\fR" 4
  1399. .IX Item "@file"
  1400. Read command-line options from \fIfile\fR. The options read are
  1401. inserted in place of the original @\fIfile\fR option. If \fIfile\fR
  1402. does not exist, or cannot be read, then the option will be treated
  1403. literally, and not removed.
  1404. .Sp
  1405. Options in \fIfile\fR are separated by whitespace. A whitespace
  1406. character may be included in an option by surrounding the entire
  1407. option in either single or double quotes. Any character (including a
  1408. backslash) may be included by prefixing the character to be included
  1409. with a backslash. The \fIfile\fR may itself contain additional
  1410. @\fIfile\fR options; any such options will be processed recursively.
  1411. .SH "SEE ALSO"
  1412. .IX Header "SEE ALSO"
  1413. \&\fBnm\fR\|(1), \fBreadelf\fR\|(1), and the Info entries for \fIbinutils\fR.
  1414. .SH "COPYRIGHT"
  1415. .IX Header "COPYRIGHT"
  1416. Copyright (c) 1991\-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
  1417. .PP
  1418. Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
  1419. under the terms of the \s-1GNU\s0 Free Documentation License, Version 1.3
  1420. or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation;
  1421. with no Invariant Sections, with no Front-Cover Texts, and with no
  1422. Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license is included in the
  1423. section entitled \*(L"\s-1GNU\s0 Free Documentation License\*(R".