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objcopy.1 (55995B)


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  132. .rm #[ #] #H #V #F C
  133. .\" ========================================================================
  134. .\"
  135. .IX Title "OBJCOPY 1"
  136. .TH OBJCOPY 1 "2022-08-05" "binutils-2.39" "GNU Development Tools"
  137. .\" For nroff, turn off justification. Always turn off hyphenation; it makes
  138. .\" way too many mistakes in technical documents.
  139. .if n .ad l
  140. .nh
  141. .SH "NAME"
  142. objcopy \- copy and translate object files
  143. .SH "SYNOPSIS"
  144. .IX Header "SYNOPSIS"
  145. objcopy [\fB\-F\fR \fIbfdname\fR|\fB\-\-target=\fR\fIbfdname\fR]
  146. [\fB\-I\fR \fIbfdname\fR|\fB\-\-input\-target=\fR\fIbfdname\fR]
  147. [\fB\-O\fR \fIbfdname\fR|\fB\-\-output\-target=\fR\fIbfdname\fR]
  148. [\fB\-B\fR \fIbfdarch\fR|\fB\-\-binary\-architecture=\fR\fIbfdarch\fR]
  149. [\fB\-S\fR|\fB\-\-strip\-all\fR]
  150. [\fB\-g\fR|\fB\-\-strip\-debug\fR]
  151. [\fB\-\-strip\-unneeded\fR]
  152. [\fB\-K\fR \fIsymbolname\fR|\fB\-\-keep\-symbol=\fR\fIsymbolname\fR]
  153. [\fB\-\-keep\-file\-symbols\fR]
  154. [\fB\-\-keep\-section\-symbols\fR]
  155. [\fB\-N\fR \fIsymbolname\fR|\fB\-\-strip\-symbol=\fR\fIsymbolname\fR]
  156. [\fB\-\-strip\-unneeded\-symbol=\fR\fIsymbolname\fR]
  157. [\fB\-G\fR \fIsymbolname\fR|\fB\-\-keep\-global\-symbol=\fR\fIsymbolname\fR]
  158. [\fB\-\-localize\-hidden\fR]
  159. [\fB\-L\fR \fIsymbolname\fR|\fB\-\-localize\-symbol=\fR\fIsymbolname\fR]
  160. [\fB\-\-globalize\-symbol=\fR\fIsymbolname\fR]
  161. [\fB\-\-globalize\-symbols=\fR\fIfilename\fR]
  162. [\fB\-W\fR \fIsymbolname\fR|\fB\-\-weaken\-symbol=\fR\fIsymbolname\fR]
  163. [\fB\-w\fR|\fB\-\-wildcard\fR]
  164. [\fB\-x\fR|\fB\-\-discard\-all\fR]
  165. [\fB\-X\fR|\fB\-\-discard\-locals\fR]
  166. [\fB\-b\fR \fIbyte\fR|\fB\-\-byte=\fR\fIbyte\fR]
  167. [\fB\-i\fR [\fIbreadth\fR]|\fB\-\-interleave\fR[=\fIbreadth\fR]]
  168. [\fB\-\-interleave\-width=\fR\fIwidth\fR]
  169. [\fB\-j\fR \fIsectionpattern\fR|\fB\-\-only\-section=\fR\fIsectionpattern\fR]
  170. [\fB\-R\fR \fIsectionpattern\fR|\fB\-\-remove\-section=\fR\fIsectionpattern\fR]
  171. [\fB\-\-keep\-section=\fR\fIsectionpattern\fR]
  172. [\fB\-\-remove\-relocations=\fR\fIsectionpattern\fR]
  173. [\fB\-p\fR|\fB\-\-preserve\-dates\fR]
  174. [\fB\-D\fR|\fB\-\-enable\-deterministic\-archives\fR]
  175. [\fB\-U\fR|\fB\-\-disable\-deterministic\-archives\fR]
  176. [\fB\-\-debugging\fR]
  177. [\fB\-\-gap\-fill=\fR\fIval\fR]
  178. [\fB\-\-pad\-to=\fR\fIaddress\fR]
  179. [\fB\-\-set\-start=\fR\fIval\fR]
  180. [\fB\-\-adjust\-start=\fR\fIincr\fR]
  181. [\fB\-\-change\-addresses=\fR\fIincr\fR]
  182. [\fB\-\-change\-section\-address\fR \fIsectionpattern\fR{=,+,\-}\fIval\fR]
  183. [\fB\-\-change\-section\-lma\fR \fIsectionpattern\fR{=,+,\-}\fIval\fR]
  184. [\fB\-\-change\-section\-vma\fR \fIsectionpattern\fR{=,+,\-}\fIval\fR]
  185. [\fB\-\-change\-warnings\fR] [\fB\-\-no\-change\-warnings\fR]
  186. [\fB\-\-set\-section\-flags\fR \fIsectionpattern\fR=\fIflags\fR]
  187. [\fB\-\-set\-section\-alignment\fR \fIsectionpattern\fR=\fIalign\fR]
  188. [\fB\-\-add\-section\fR \fIsectionname\fR=\fIfilename\fR]
  189. [\fB\-\-dump\-section\fR \fIsectionname\fR=\fIfilename\fR]
  190. [\fB\-\-update\-section\fR \fIsectionname\fR=\fIfilename\fR]
  191. [\fB\-\-rename\-section\fR \fIoldname\fR=\fInewname\fR[,\fIflags\fR]]
  192. [\fB\-\-long\-section\-names\fR {enable,disable,keep}]
  193. [\fB\-\-change\-leading\-char\fR] [\fB\-\-remove\-leading\-char\fR]
  194. [\fB\-\-reverse\-bytes=\fR\fInum\fR]
  195. [\fB\-\-srec\-len=\fR\fIival\fR] [\fB\-\-srec\-forceS3\fR]
  196. [\fB\-\-redefine\-sym\fR \fIold\fR=\fInew\fR]
  197. [\fB\-\-redefine\-syms=\fR\fIfilename\fR]
  198. [\fB\-\-weaken\fR]
  199. [\fB\-\-keep\-symbols=\fR\fIfilename\fR]
  200. [\fB\-\-strip\-symbols=\fR\fIfilename\fR]
  201. [\fB\-\-strip\-unneeded\-symbols=\fR\fIfilename\fR]
  202. [\fB\-\-keep\-global\-symbols=\fR\fIfilename\fR]
  203. [\fB\-\-localize\-symbols=\fR\fIfilename\fR]
  204. [\fB\-\-weaken\-symbols=\fR\fIfilename\fR]
  205. [\fB\-\-add\-symbol\fR \fIname\fR=[\fIsection\fR:]\fIvalue\fR[,\fIflags\fR]]
  206. [\fB\-\-alt\-machine\-code=\fR\fIindex\fR]
  207. [\fB\-\-prefix\-symbols=\fR\fIstring\fR]
  208. [\fB\-\-prefix\-sections=\fR\fIstring\fR]
  209. [\fB\-\-prefix\-alloc\-sections=\fR\fIstring\fR]
  210. [\fB\-\-add\-gnu\-debuglink=\fR\fIpath-to-file\fR]
  211. [\fB\-\-only\-keep\-debug\fR]
  212. [\fB\-\-strip\-dwo\fR]
  213. [\fB\-\-extract\-dwo\fR]
  214. [\fB\-\-extract\-symbol\fR]
  215. [\fB\-\-writable\-text\fR]
  216. [\fB\-\-readonly\-text\fR]
  217. [\fB\-\-pure\fR]
  218. [\fB\-\-impure\fR]
  219. [\fB\-\-file\-alignment=\fR\fInum\fR]
  220. [\fB\-\-heap=\fR\fIsize\fR]
  221. [\fB\-\-image\-base=\fR\fIaddress\fR]
  222. [\fB\-\-section\-alignment=\fR\fInum\fR]
  223. [\fB\-\-stack=\fR\fIsize\fR]
  224. [\fB\-\-subsystem=\fR\fIwhich\fR:\fImajor\fR.\fIminor\fR]
  225. [\fB\-\-compress\-debug\-sections\fR]
  226. [\fB\-\-decompress\-debug\-sections\fR]
  227. [\fB\-\-elf\-stt\-common=\fR\fIval\fR]
  228. [\fB\-\-merge\-notes\fR]
  229. [\fB\-\-no\-merge\-notes\fR]
  230. [\fB\-\-verilog\-data\-width=\fR\fIval\fR]
  231. [\fB\-v\fR|\fB\-\-verbose\fR]
  232. [\fB\-V\fR|\fB\-\-version\fR]
  233. [\fB\-\-help\fR] [\fB\-\-info\fR]
  234. \fIinfile\fR [\fIoutfile\fR]
  235. .SH "DESCRIPTION"
  236. .IX Header "DESCRIPTION"
  237. The \s-1GNU\s0 \fBobjcopy\fR utility copies the contents of an object
  238. file to another. \fBobjcopy\fR uses the \s-1GNU BFD\s0 Library to
  239. read and write the object files. It can write the destination object
  240. file in a format different from that of the source object file. The
  241. exact behavior of \fBobjcopy\fR is controlled by command-line options.
  242. Note that \fBobjcopy\fR should be able to copy a fully linked file
  243. between any two formats. However, copying a relocatable object file
  244. between any two formats may not work as expected.
  245. .PP
  246. \&\fBobjcopy\fR creates temporary files to do its translations and
  247. deletes them afterward. \fBobjcopy\fR uses \s-1BFD\s0 to do all its
  248. translation work; it has access to all the formats described in \s-1BFD\s0
  249. and thus is able to recognize most formats without being told
  250. explicitly.
  251. .PP
  252. \&\fBobjcopy\fR can be used to generate S\-records by using an output
  253. target of \fBsrec\fR (e.g., use \fB\-O srec\fR).
  254. .PP
  255. \&\fBobjcopy\fR can be used to generate a raw binary file by using an
  256. output target of \fBbinary\fR (e.g., use \fB\-O binary\fR). When
  257. \&\fBobjcopy\fR generates a raw binary file, it will essentially produce
  258. a memory dump of the contents of the input object file. All symbols and
  259. relocation information will be discarded. The memory dump will start at
  260. the load address of the lowest section copied into the output file.
  261. .PP
  262. When generating an S\-record or a raw binary file, it may be helpful to
  263. use \fB\-S\fR to remove sections containing debugging information. In
  264. some cases \fB\-R\fR will be useful to remove sections which contain
  265. information that is not needed by the binary file.
  266. .PP
  267. Note\-\-\-\fBobjcopy\fR is not able to change the endianness of its input
  268. files. If the input format has an endianness (some formats do not),
  269. \&\fBobjcopy\fR can only copy the inputs into file formats that have the
  270. same endianness or which have no endianness (e.g., \fBsrec\fR).
  271. (However, see the \fB\-\-reverse\-bytes\fR option.)
  272. .SH "OPTIONS"
  273. .IX Header "OPTIONS"
  274. .IP "\fIinfile\fR" 4
  275. .IX Item "infile"
  276. .PD 0
  277. .IP "\fIoutfile\fR" 4
  278. .IX Item "outfile"
  279. .PD
  280. The input and output files, respectively.
  281. If you do not specify \fIoutfile\fR, \fBobjcopy\fR creates a
  282. temporary file and destructively renames the result with
  283. the name of \fIinfile\fR.
  284. .IP "\fB\-I\fR \fIbfdname\fR" 4
  285. .IX Item "-I bfdname"
  286. .PD 0
  287. .IP "\fB\-\-input\-target=\fR\fIbfdname\fR" 4
  288. .IX Item "--input-target=bfdname"
  289. .PD
  290. Consider the source file's object format to be \fIbfdname\fR, rather than
  291. attempting to deduce it.
  292. .IP "\fB\-O\fR \fIbfdname\fR" 4
  293. .IX Item "-O bfdname"
  294. .PD 0
  295. .IP "\fB\-\-output\-target=\fR\fIbfdname\fR" 4
  296. .IX Item "--output-target=bfdname"
  297. .PD
  298. Write the output file using the object format \fIbfdname\fR.
  299. .IP "\fB\-F\fR \fIbfdname\fR" 4
  300. .IX Item "-F bfdname"
  301. .PD 0
  302. .IP "\fB\-\-target=\fR\fIbfdname\fR" 4
  303. .IX Item "--target=bfdname"
  304. .PD
  305. Use \fIbfdname\fR as the object format for both the input and the output
  306. file; i.e., simply transfer data from source to destination with no
  307. translation.
  308. .IP "\fB\-B\fR \fIbfdarch\fR" 4
  309. .IX Item "-B bfdarch"
  310. .PD 0
  311. .IP "\fB\-\-binary\-architecture=\fR\fIbfdarch\fR" 4
  312. .IX Item "--binary-architecture=bfdarch"
  313. .PD
  314. Useful when transforming a architecture-less input file into an object file.
  315. In this case the output architecture can be set to \fIbfdarch\fR. This
  316. option will be ignored if the input file has a known \fIbfdarch\fR. You
  317. can access this binary data inside a program by referencing the special
  318. symbols that are created by the conversion process. These symbols are
  319. called _binary_\fIobjfile\fR_start, _binary_\fIobjfile\fR_end and
  320. _binary_\fIobjfile\fR_size. e.g. you can transform a picture file into
  321. an object file and then access it in your code using these symbols.
  322. .IP "\fB\-j\fR \fIsectionpattern\fR" 4
  323. .IX Item "-j sectionpattern"
  324. .PD 0
  325. .IP "\fB\-\-only\-section=\fR\fIsectionpattern\fR" 4
  326. .IX Item "--only-section=sectionpattern"
  327. .PD
  328. Copy only the indicated sections from the input file to the output file.
  329. This option may be given more than once. Note that using this option
  330. inappropriately may make the output file unusable. Wildcard
  331. characters are accepted in \fIsectionpattern\fR.
  332. .Sp
  333. If the first character of \fIsectionpattern\fR is the exclamation
  334. point (!) then matching sections will not be copied, even if earlier
  335. use of \fB\-\-only\-section\fR on the same command line would
  336. otherwise copy it. For example:
  337. .Sp
  338. .Vb 1
  339. \& \-\-only\-section=.text.* \-\-only\-section=!.text.foo
  340. .Ve
  341. .Sp
  342. will copy all sectinos matching '.text.*' but not the section
  343. \&'.text.foo'.
  344. .IP "\fB\-R\fR \fIsectionpattern\fR" 4
  345. .IX Item "-R sectionpattern"
  346. .PD 0
  347. .IP "\fB\-\-remove\-section=\fR\fIsectionpattern\fR" 4
  348. .IX Item "--remove-section=sectionpattern"
  349. .PD
  350. Remove any section matching \fIsectionpattern\fR from the output file.
  351. This option may be given more than once. Note that using this option
  352. inappropriately may make the output file unusable. Wildcard
  353. characters are accepted in \fIsectionpattern\fR. Using both the
  354. \&\fB\-j\fR and \fB\-R\fR options together results in undefined
  355. behaviour.
  356. .Sp
  357. If the first character of \fIsectionpattern\fR is the exclamation
  358. point (!) then matching sections will not be removed even if an
  359. earlier use of \fB\-\-remove\-section\fR on the same command line
  360. would otherwise remove it. For example:
  361. .Sp
  362. .Vb 1
  363. \& \-\-remove\-section=.text.* \-\-remove\-section=!.text.foo
  364. .Ve
  365. .Sp
  366. will remove all sections matching the pattern '.text.*', but will not
  367. remove the section '.text.foo'.
  368. .IP "\fB\-\-keep\-section=\fR\fIsectionpattern\fR" 4
  369. .IX Item "--keep-section=sectionpattern"
  370. When removing sections from the output file, keep sections that match
  371. \&\fIsectionpattern\fR.
  372. .IP "\fB\-\-remove\-relocations=\fR\fIsectionpattern\fR" 4
  373. .IX Item "--remove-relocations=sectionpattern"
  374. Remove non-dynamic relocations from the output file for any section
  375. matching \fIsectionpattern\fR. This option may be given more than
  376. once. Note that using this option inappropriately may make the output
  377. file unusable, and attempting to remove a dynamic relocation section
  378. such as \fB.rela.plt\fR from an executable or shared library with
  379. \&\fB\-\-remove\-relocations=.plt\fR will not work. Wildcard characters
  380. are accepted in \fIsectionpattern\fR.
  381. For example:
  382. .Sp
  383. .Vb 1
  384. \& \-\-remove\-relocations=.text.*
  385. .Ve
  386. .Sp
  387. will remove the relocations for all sections matching the pattern
  388. \&'.text.*'.
  389. .Sp
  390. If the first character of \fIsectionpattern\fR is the exclamation
  391. point (!) then matching sections will not have their relocation
  392. removed even if an earlier use of \fB\-\-remove\-relocations\fR on the
  393. same command line would otherwise cause the relocations to be removed.
  394. For example:
  395. .Sp
  396. .Vb 1
  397. \& \-\-remove\-relocations=.text.* \-\-remove\-relocations=!.text.foo
  398. .Ve
  399. .Sp
  400. will remove all relocations for sections matching the pattern
  401. \&'.text.*', but will not remove relocations for the section
  402. \&'.text.foo'.
  403. .IP "\fB\-S\fR" 4
  404. .IX Item "-S"
  405. .PD 0
  406. .IP "\fB\-\-strip\-all\fR" 4
  407. .IX Item "--strip-all"
  408. .PD
  409. Do not copy relocation and symbol information from the source file.
  410. Also deletes debug sections.
  411. .IP "\fB\-g\fR" 4
  412. .IX Item "-g"
  413. .PD 0
  414. .IP "\fB\-\-strip\-debug\fR" 4
  415. .IX Item "--strip-debug"
  416. .PD
  417. Do not copy debugging symbols or sections from the source file.
  418. .IP "\fB\-\-strip\-unneeded\fR" 4
  419. .IX Item "--strip-unneeded"
  420. Remove all symbols that are not needed for relocation processing in
  421. addition to debugging symbols and sections stripped by
  422. \&\fB\-\-strip\-debug\fR.
  423. .IP "\fB\-K\fR \fIsymbolname\fR" 4
  424. .IX Item "-K symbolname"
  425. .PD 0
  426. .IP "\fB\-\-keep\-symbol=\fR\fIsymbolname\fR" 4
  427. .IX Item "--keep-symbol=symbolname"
  428. .PD
  429. When stripping symbols, keep symbol \fIsymbolname\fR even if it would
  430. normally be stripped. This option may be given more than once.
  431. .IP "\fB\-N\fR \fIsymbolname\fR" 4
  432. .IX Item "-N symbolname"
  433. .PD 0
  434. .IP "\fB\-\-strip\-symbol=\fR\fIsymbolname\fR" 4
  435. .IX Item "--strip-symbol=symbolname"
  436. .PD
  437. Do not copy symbol \fIsymbolname\fR from the source file. This option
  438. may be given more than once.
  439. .IP "\fB\-\-strip\-unneeded\-symbol=\fR\fIsymbolname\fR" 4
  440. .IX Item "--strip-unneeded-symbol=symbolname"
  441. Do not copy symbol \fIsymbolname\fR from the source file unless it is needed
  442. by a relocation. This option may be given more than once.
  443. .IP "\fB\-G\fR \fIsymbolname\fR" 4
  444. .IX Item "-G symbolname"
  445. .PD 0
  446. .IP "\fB\-\-keep\-global\-symbol=\fR\fIsymbolname\fR" 4
  447. .IX Item "--keep-global-symbol=symbolname"
  448. .PD
  449. Keep only symbol \fIsymbolname\fR global. Make all other symbols local
  450. to the file, so that they are not visible externally. This option may
  451. be given more than once. Note: this option cannot be used in
  452. conjunction with the \fB\-\-globalize\-symbol\fR or
  453. \&\fB\-\-globalize\-symbols\fR options.
  454. .IP "\fB\-\-localize\-hidden\fR" 4
  455. .IX Item "--localize-hidden"
  456. In an \s-1ELF\s0 object, mark all symbols that have hidden or internal visibility
  457. as local. This option applies on top of symbol-specific localization options
  458. such as \fB\-L\fR.
  459. .IP "\fB\-L\fR \fIsymbolname\fR" 4
  460. .IX Item "-L symbolname"
  461. .PD 0
  462. .IP "\fB\-\-localize\-symbol=\fR\fIsymbolname\fR" 4
  463. .IX Item "--localize-symbol=symbolname"
  464. .PD
  465. Convert a global or weak symbol called \fIsymbolname\fR into a local
  466. symbol, so that it is not visible externally. This option may be
  467. given more than once. Note \- unique symbols are not converted.
  468. .IP "\fB\-W\fR \fIsymbolname\fR" 4
  469. .IX Item "-W symbolname"
  470. .PD 0
  471. .IP "\fB\-\-weaken\-symbol=\fR\fIsymbolname\fR" 4
  472. .IX Item "--weaken-symbol=symbolname"
  473. .PD
  474. Make symbol \fIsymbolname\fR weak. This option may be given more than once.
  475. .IP "\fB\-\-globalize\-symbol=\fR\fIsymbolname\fR" 4
  476. .IX Item "--globalize-symbol=symbolname"
  477. Give symbol \fIsymbolname\fR global scoping so that it is visible
  478. outside of the file in which it is defined. This option may be given
  479. more than once. Note: this option cannot be used in conjunction with
  480. the \fB\-G\fR or \fB\-\-keep\-global\-symbol\fR options.
  481. .IP "\fB\-w\fR" 4
  482. .IX Item "-w"
  483. .PD 0
  484. .IP "\fB\-\-wildcard\fR" 4
  485. .IX Item "--wildcard"
  486. .PD
  487. Permit regular expressions in \fIsymbolname\fRs used in other command
  488. line options. The question mark (?), asterisk (*), backslash (\e) and
  489. square brackets ([]) operators can be used anywhere in the symbol
  490. name. If the first character of the symbol name is the exclamation
  491. point (!) then the sense of the switch is reversed for that symbol.
  492. For example:
  493. .Sp
  494. .Vb 1
  495. \& \-w \-W !foo \-W fo*
  496. .Ve
  497. .Sp
  498. would cause objcopy to weaken all symbols that start with \*(L"fo\*(R"
  499. except for the symbol \*(L"foo\*(R".
  500. .IP "\fB\-x\fR" 4
  501. .IX Item "-x"
  502. .PD 0
  503. .IP "\fB\-\-discard\-all\fR" 4
  504. .IX Item "--discard-all"
  505. .PD
  506. Do not copy non-global symbols from the source file.
  507. .IP "\fB\-X\fR" 4
  508. .IX Item "-X"
  509. .PD 0
  510. .IP "\fB\-\-discard\-locals\fR" 4
  511. .IX Item "--discard-locals"
  512. .PD
  513. Do not copy compiler-generated local symbols.
  514. (These usually start with \fBL\fR or \fB.\fR.)
  515. .IP "\fB\-b\fR \fIbyte\fR" 4
  516. .IX Item "-b byte"
  517. .PD 0
  518. .IP "\fB\-\-byte=\fR\fIbyte\fR" 4
  519. .IX Item "--byte=byte"
  520. .PD
  521. If interleaving has been enabled via the \fB\-\-interleave\fR option
  522. then start the range of bytes to keep at the \fIbyte\fRth byte.
  523. \&\fIbyte\fR can be in the range from 0 to \fIbreadth\fR\-1, where
  524. \&\fIbreadth\fR is the value given by the \fB\-\-interleave\fR option.
  525. .IP "\fB\-i [\fR\fIbreadth\fR\fB]\fR" 4
  526. .IX Item "-i [breadth]"
  527. .PD 0
  528. .IP "\fB\-\-interleave[=\fR\fIbreadth\fR\fB]\fR" 4
  529. .IX Item "--interleave[=breadth]"
  530. .PD
  531. Only copy a range out of every \fIbreadth\fR bytes. (Header data is
  532. not affected). Select which byte in the range begins the copy with
  533. the \fB\-\-byte\fR option. Select the width of the range with the
  534. \&\fB\-\-interleave\-width\fR option.
  535. .Sp
  536. This option is useful for creating files to program \s-1ROM.\s0 It is
  537. typically used with an \f(CW\*(C`srec\*(C'\fR output target. Note that
  538. \&\fBobjcopy\fR will complain if you do not specify the
  539. \&\fB\-\-byte\fR option as well.
  540. .Sp
  541. The default interleave breadth is 4, so with \fB\-\-byte\fR set to 0,
  542. \&\fBobjcopy\fR would copy the first byte out of every four bytes
  543. from the input to the output.
  544. .IP "\fB\-\-interleave\-width=\fR\fIwidth\fR" 4
  545. .IX Item "--interleave-width=width"
  546. When used with the \fB\-\-interleave\fR option, copy \fIwidth\fR
  547. bytes at a time. The start of the range of bytes to be copied is set
  548. by the \fB\-\-byte\fR option, and the extent of the range is set with
  549. the \fB\-\-interleave\fR option.
  550. .Sp
  551. The default value for this option is 1. The value of \fIwidth\fR plus
  552. the \fIbyte\fR value set by the \fB\-\-byte\fR option must not exceed
  553. the interleave breadth set by the \fB\-\-interleave\fR option.
  554. .Sp
  555. This option can be used to create images for two 16\-bit flashes interleaved
  556. in a 32\-bit bus by passing \fB\-b 0 \-i 4 \-\-interleave\-width=2\fR
  557. and \fB\-b 2 \-i 4 \-\-interleave\-width=2\fR to two \fBobjcopy\fR
  558. commands. If the input was '12345678' then the outputs would be
  559. \&'1256' and '3478' respectively.
  560. .IP "\fB\-p\fR" 4
  561. .IX Item "-p"
  562. .PD 0
  563. .IP "\fB\-\-preserve\-dates\fR" 4
  564. .IX Item "--preserve-dates"
  565. .PD
  566. Set the access and modification dates of the output file to be the same
  567. as those of the input file.
  568. .IP "\fB\-D\fR" 4
  569. .IX Item "-D"
  570. .PD 0
  571. .IP "\fB\-\-enable\-deterministic\-archives\fR" 4
  572. .IX Item "--enable-deterministic-archives"
  573. .PD
  574. Operate in \fIdeterministic\fR mode. When copying archive members
  575. and writing the archive index, use zero for UIDs, GIDs, timestamps,
  576. and use consistent file modes for all files.
  577. .Sp
  578. If \fIbinutils\fR was configured with
  579. \&\fB\-\-enable\-deterministic\-archives\fR, then this mode is on by default.
  580. It can be disabled with the \fB\-U\fR option, below.
  581. .IP "\fB\-U\fR" 4
  582. .IX Item "-U"
  583. .PD 0
  584. .IP "\fB\-\-disable\-deterministic\-archives\fR" 4
  585. .IX Item "--disable-deterministic-archives"
  586. .PD
  587. Do \fInot\fR operate in \fIdeterministic\fR mode. This is the
  588. inverse of the \fB\-D\fR option, above: when copying archive members
  589. and writing the archive index, use their actual \s-1UID, GID,\s0 timestamp,
  590. and file mode values.
  591. .Sp
  592. This is the default unless \fIbinutils\fR was configured with
  593. \&\fB\-\-enable\-deterministic\-archives\fR.
  594. .IP "\fB\-\-debugging\fR" 4
  595. .IX Item "--debugging"
  596. Convert debugging information, if possible. This is not the default
  597. because only certain debugging formats are supported, and the
  598. conversion process can be time consuming.
  599. .IP "\fB\-\-gap\-fill\fR \fIval\fR" 4
  600. .IX Item "--gap-fill val"
  601. Fill gaps between sections with \fIval\fR. This operation applies to
  602. the \fIload address\fR (\s-1LMA\s0) of the sections. It is done by increasing
  603. the size of the section with the lower address, and filling in the extra
  604. space created with \fIval\fR.
  605. .IP "\fB\-\-pad\-to\fR \fIaddress\fR" 4
  606. .IX Item "--pad-to address"
  607. Pad the output file up to the load address \fIaddress\fR. This is
  608. done by increasing the size of the last section. The extra space is
  609. filled in with the value specified by \fB\-\-gap\-fill\fR (default zero).
  610. .IP "\fB\-\-set\-start\fR \fIval\fR" 4
  611. .IX Item "--set-start val"
  612. Set the start address (also known as the entry address) of the new
  613. file to \fIval\fR. Not all object file formats support setting the
  614. start address.
  615. .IP "\fB\-\-change\-start\fR \fIincr\fR" 4
  616. .IX Item "--change-start incr"
  617. .PD 0
  618. .IP "\fB\-\-adjust\-start\fR \fIincr\fR" 4
  619. .IX Item "--adjust-start incr"
  620. .PD
  621. Change the start address (also known as the entry address) by adding
  622. \&\fIincr\fR. Not all object file formats support setting the start
  623. address.
  624. .IP "\fB\-\-change\-addresses\fR \fIincr\fR" 4
  625. .IX Item "--change-addresses incr"
  626. .PD 0
  627. .IP "\fB\-\-adjust\-vma\fR \fIincr\fR" 4
  628. .IX Item "--adjust-vma incr"
  629. .PD
  630. Change the \s-1VMA\s0 and \s-1LMA\s0 addresses of all sections, as well as the start
  631. address, by adding \fIincr\fR. Some object file formats do not permit
  632. section addresses to be changed arbitrarily. Note that this does not
  633. relocate the sections; if the program expects sections to be loaded at a
  634. certain address, and this option is used to change the sections such
  635. that they are loaded at a different address, the program may fail.
  636. .IP "\fB\-\-change\-section\-address\fR \fIsectionpattern\fR\fB{=,+,\-}\fR\fIval\fR" 4
  637. .IX Item "--change-section-address sectionpattern{=,+,-}val"
  638. .PD 0
  639. .IP "\fB\-\-adjust\-section\-vma\fR \fIsectionpattern\fR\fB{=,+,\-}\fR\fIval\fR" 4
  640. .IX Item "--adjust-section-vma sectionpattern{=,+,-}val"
  641. .PD
  642. Set or change both the \s-1VMA\s0 address and the \s-1LMA\s0 address of any section
  643. matching \fIsectionpattern\fR. If \fB=\fR is used, the section
  644. address is set to \fIval\fR. Otherwise, \fIval\fR is added to or
  645. subtracted from the section address. See the comments under
  646. \&\fB\-\-change\-addresses\fR, above. If \fIsectionpattern\fR does not
  647. match any sections in the input file, a warning will be issued, unless
  648. \&\fB\-\-no\-change\-warnings\fR is used.
  649. .IP "\fB\-\-change\-section\-lma\fR \fIsectionpattern\fR\fB{=,+,\-}\fR\fIval\fR" 4
  650. .IX Item "--change-section-lma sectionpattern{=,+,-}val"
  651. Set or change the \s-1LMA\s0 address of any sections matching
  652. \&\fIsectionpattern\fR. The \s-1LMA\s0 address is the address where the
  653. section will be loaded into memory at program load time. Normally
  654. this is the same as the \s-1VMA\s0 address, which is the address of the
  655. section at program run time, but on some systems, especially those
  656. where a program is held in \s-1ROM,\s0 the two can be different. If \fB=\fR
  657. is used, the section address is set to \fIval\fR. Otherwise,
  658. \&\fIval\fR is added to or subtracted from the section address. See the
  659. comments under \fB\-\-change\-addresses\fR, above. If
  660. \&\fIsectionpattern\fR does not match any sections in the input file, a
  661. warning will be issued, unless \fB\-\-no\-change\-warnings\fR is used.
  662. .IP "\fB\-\-change\-section\-vma\fR \fIsectionpattern\fR\fB{=,+,\-}\fR\fIval\fR" 4
  663. .IX Item "--change-section-vma sectionpattern{=,+,-}val"
  664. Set or change the \s-1VMA\s0 address of any section matching
  665. \&\fIsectionpattern\fR. The \s-1VMA\s0 address is the address where the
  666. section will be located once the program has started executing.
  667. Normally this is the same as the \s-1LMA\s0 address, which is the address
  668. where the section will be loaded into memory, but on some systems,
  669. especially those where a program is held in \s-1ROM,\s0 the two can be
  670. different. If \fB=\fR is used, the section address is set to
  671. \&\fIval\fR. Otherwise, \fIval\fR is added to or subtracted from the
  672. section address. See the comments under \fB\-\-change\-addresses\fR,
  673. above. If \fIsectionpattern\fR does not match any sections in the
  674. input file, a warning will be issued, unless
  675. \&\fB\-\-no\-change\-warnings\fR is used.
  676. .IP "\fB\-\-change\-warnings\fR" 4
  677. .IX Item "--change-warnings"
  678. .PD 0
  679. .IP "\fB\-\-adjust\-warnings\fR" 4
  680. .IX Item "--adjust-warnings"
  681. .PD
  682. If \fB\-\-change\-section\-address\fR or \fB\-\-change\-section\-lma\fR or
  683. \&\fB\-\-change\-section\-vma\fR is used, and the section pattern does not
  684. match any sections, issue a warning. This is the default.
  685. .IP "\fB\-\-no\-change\-warnings\fR" 4
  686. .IX Item "--no-change-warnings"
  687. .PD 0
  688. .IP "\fB\-\-no\-adjust\-warnings\fR" 4
  689. .IX Item "--no-adjust-warnings"
  690. .PD
  691. Do not issue a warning if \fB\-\-change\-section\-address\fR or
  692. \&\fB\-\-adjust\-section\-lma\fR or \fB\-\-adjust\-section\-vma\fR is used, even
  693. if the section pattern does not match any sections.
  694. .IP "\fB\-\-set\-section\-flags\fR \fIsectionpattern\fR\fB=\fR\fIflags\fR" 4
  695. .IX Item "--set-section-flags sectionpattern=flags"
  696. Set the flags for any sections matching \fIsectionpattern\fR. The
  697. \&\fIflags\fR argument is a comma separated string of flag names. The
  698. recognized names are \fBalloc\fR, \fBcontents\fR, \fBload\fR,
  699. \&\fBnoload\fR, \fBreadonly\fR, \fBcode\fR, \fBdata\fR, \fBrom\fR,
  700. \&\fBexclude\fR, \fBshare\fR, and \fBdebug\fR. You can set the
  701. \&\fBcontents\fR flag for a section which does not have contents, but it
  702. is not meaningful to clear the \fBcontents\fR flag of a section which
  703. does have contents\*(--just remove the section instead. Not all flags are
  704. meaningful for all object file formats. In particular the
  705. \&\fBshare\fR flag is only meaningful for \s-1COFF\s0 format files and not for
  706. \&\s-1ELF\s0 format files.
  707. .IP "\fB\-\-set\-section\-alignment\fR \fIsectionpattern\fR\fB=\fR\fIalign\fR" 4
  708. .IX Item "--set-section-alignment sectionpattern=align"
  709. Set the alignment for any sections matching \fIsectionpattern\fR.
  710. \&\fIalign\fR specifies the alignment in bytes and must be a power of
  711. two, i.e. 1, 2, 4, 8....
  712. .IP "\fB\-\-add\-section\fR \fIsectionname\fR\fB=\fR\fIfilename\fR" 4
  713. .IX Item "--add-section sectionname=filename"
  714. Add a new section named \fIsectionname\fR while copying the file. The
  715. contents of the new section are taken from the file \fIfilename\fR. The
  716. size of the section will be the size of the file. This option only
  717. works on file formats which can support sections with arbitrary names.
  718. Note \- it may be necessary to use the \fB\-\-set\-section\-flags\fR
  719. option to set the attributes of the newly created section.
  720. .IP "\fB\-\-dump\-section\fR \fIsectionname\fR\fB=\fR\fIfilename\fR" 4
  721. .IX Item "--dump-section sectionname=filename"
  722. Place the contents of section named \fIsectionname\fR into the file
  723. \&\fIfilename\fR, overwriting any contents that may have been there
  724. previously. This option is the inverse of \fB\-\-add\-section\fR.
  725. This option is similar to the \fB\-\-only\-section\fR option except
  726. that it does not create a formatted file, it just dumps the contents
  727. as raw binary data, without applying any relocations. The option can
  728. be specified more than once.
  729. .IP "\fB\-\-update\-section\fR \fIsectionname\fR\fB=\fR\fIfilename\fR" 4
  730. .IX Item "--update-section sectionname=filename"
  731. Replace the existing contents of a section named \fIsectionname\fR
  732. with the contents of file \fIfilename\fR. The size of the section
  733. will be adjusted to the size of the file. The section flags for
  734. \&\fIsectionname\fR will be unchanged. For \s-1ELF\s0 format files the section
  735. to segment mapping will also remain unchanged, something which is not
  736. possible using \fB\-\-remove\-section\fR followed by
  737. \&\fB\-\-add\-section\fR. The option can be specified more than once.
  738. .Sp
  739. Note \- it is possible to use \fB\-\-rename\-section\fR and
  740. \&\fB\-\-update\-section\fR to both update and rename a section from one
  741. command line. In this case, pass the original section name to
  742. \&\fB\-\-update\-section\fR, and the original and new section names to
  743. \&\fB\-\-rename\-section\fR.
  744. .IP "\fB\-\-add\-symbol\fR \fIname\fR\fB=[\fR\fIsection\fR\fB:]\fR\fIvalue\fR\fB[,\fR\fIflags\fR\fB]\fR" 4
  745. .IX Item "--add-symbol name=[section:]value[,flags]"
  746. Add a new symbol named \fIname\fR while copying the file. This option may be
  747. specified multiple times. If the \fIsection\fR is given, the symbol will be
  748. associated with and relative to that section, otherwise it will be an \s-1ABS\s0
  749. symbol. Specifying an undefined section will result in a fatal error. There
  750. is no check for the value, it will be taken as specified. Symbol flags can
  751. be specified and not all flags will be meaningful for all object file
  752. formats. By default, the symbol will be global. The special flag
  753. \&'before=\fIothersym\fR' will insert the new symbol in front of the specified
  754. \&\fIothersym\fR, otherwise the symbol(s) will be added at the end of the
  755. symbol table in the order they appear.
  756. .IP "\fB\-\-rename\-section\fR \fIoldname\fR\fB=\fR\fInewname\fR\fB[,\fR\fIflags\fR\fB]\fR" 4
  757. .IX Item "--rename-section oldname=newname[,flags]"
  758. Rename a section from \fIoldname\fR to \fInewname\fR, optionally
  759. changing the section's flags to \fIflags\fR in the process. This has
  760. the advantage over using a linker script to perform the rename in that
  761. the output stays as an object file and does not become a linked
  762. executable. This option accepts the same set of flags as the
  763. \&\fB\-\-sect\-section\-flags\fR option.
  764. .Sp
  765. This option is particularly helpful when the input format is binary,
  766. since this will always create a section called .data. If for example,
  767. you wanted instead to create a section called .rodata containing binary
  768. data you could use the following command line to achieve it:
  769. .Sp
  770. .Vb 3
  771. \& objcopy \-I binary \-O <output_format> \-B <architecture> \e
  772. \& \-\-rename\-section .data=.rodata,alloc,load,readonly,data,contents \e
  773. \& <input_binary_file> <output_object_file>
  774. .Ve
  775. .IP "\fB\-\-long\-section\-names {enable,disable,keep}\fR" 4
  776. .IX Item "--long-section-names {enable,disable,keep}"
  777. Controls the handling of long section names when processing \f(CW\*(C`COFF\*(C'\fR
  778. and \f(CW\*(C`PE\-COFF\*(C'\fR object formats. The default behaviour, \fBkeep\fR,
  779. is to preserve long section names if any are present in the input file.
  780. The \fBenable\fR and \fBdisable\fR options forcibly enable or disable
  781. the use of long section names in the output object; when \fBdisable\fR
  782. is in effect, any long section names in the input object will be truncated.
  783. The \fBenable\fR option will only emit long section names if any are
  784. present in the inputs; this is mostly the same as \fBkeep\fR, but it
  785. is left undefined whether the \fBenable\fR option might force the
  786. creation of an empty string table in the output file.
  787. .IP "\fB\-\-change\-leading\-char\fR" 4
  788. .IX Item "--change-leading-char"
  789. Some object file formats use special characters at the start of
  790. symbols. The most common such character is underscore, which compilers
  791. often add before every symbol. This option tells \fBobjcopy\fR to
  792. change the leading character of every symbol when it converts between
  793. object file formats. If the object file formats use the same leading
  794. character, this option has no effect. Otherwise, it will add a
  795. character, or remove a character, or change a character, as
  796. appropriate.
  797. .IP "\fB\-\-remove\-leading\-char\fR" 4
  798. .IX Item "--remove-leading-char"
  799. If the first character of a global symbol is a special symbol leading
  800. character used by the object file format, remove the character. The
  801. most common symbol leading character is underscore. This option will
  802. remove a leading underscore from all global symbols. This can be useful
  803. if you want to link together objects of different file formats with
  804. different conventions for symbol names. This is different from
  805. \&\fB\-\-change\-leading\-char\fR because it always changes the symbol name
  806. when appropriate, regardless of the object file format of the output
  807. file.
  808. .IP "\fB\-\-reverse\-bytes=\fR\fInum\fR" 4
  809. .IX Item "--reverse-bytes=num"
  810. Reverse the bytes in a section with output contents. A section length must
  811. be evenly divisible by the value given in order for the swap to be able to
  812. take place. Reversing takes place before the interleaving is performed.
  813. .Sp
  814. This option is used typically in generating \s-1ROM\s0 images for problematic
  815. target systems. For example, on some target boards, the 32\-bit words
  816. fetched from 8\-bit ROMs are re-assembled in little-endian byte order
  817. regardless of the \s-1CPU\s0 byte order. Depending on the programming model, the
  818. endianness of the \s-1ROM\s0 may need to be modified.
  819. .Sp
  820. Consider a simple file with a section containing the following eight
  821. bytes: \f(CW12345678\fR.
  822. .Sp
  823. Using \fB\-\-reverse\-bytes=2\fR for the above example, the bytes in the
  824. output file would be ordered \f(CW21436587\fR.
  825. .Sp
  826. Using \fB\-\-reverse\-bytes=4\fR for the above example, the bytes in the
  827. output file would be ordered \f(CW43218765\fR.
  828. .Sp
  829. By using \fB\-\-reverse\-bytes=2\fR for the above example, followed by
  830. \&\fB\-\-reverse\-bytes=4\fR on the output file, the bytes in the second
  831. output file would be ordered \f(CW34127856\fR.
  832. .IP "\fB\-\-srec\-len=\fR\fIival\fR" 4
  833. .IX Item "--srec-len=ival"
  834. Meaningful only for srec output. Set the maximum length of the Srecords
  835. being produced to \fIival\fR. This length covers both address, data and
  836. crc fields.
  837. .IP "\fB\-\-srec\-forceS3\fR" 4
  838. .IX Item "--srec-forceS3"
  839. Meaningful only for srec output. Avoid generation of S1/S2 records,
  840. creating S3\-only record format.
  841. .IP "\fB\-\-redefine\-sym\fR \fIold\fR\fB=\fR\fInew\fR" 4
  842. .IX Item "--redefine-sym old=new"
  843. Change the name of a symbol \fIold\fR, to \fInew\fR. This can be useful
  844. when one is trying link two things together for which you have no
  845. source, and there are name collisions.
  846. .IP "\fB\-\-redefine\-syms=\fR\fIfilename\fR" 4
  847. .IX Item "--redefine-syms=filename"
  848. Apply \fB\-\-redefine\-sym\fR to each symbol pair "\fIold\fR \fInew\fR"
  849. listed in the file \fIfilename\fR. \fIfilename\fR is simply a flat file,
  850. with one symbol pair per line. Line comments may be introduced by the hash
  851. character. This option may be given more than once.
  852. .IP "\fB\-\-weaken\fR" 4
  853. .IX Item "--weaken"
  854. Change all global symbols in the file to be weak. This can be useful
  855. when building an object which will be linked against other objects using
  856. the \fB\-R\fR option to the linker. This option is only effective when
  857. using an object file format which supports weak symbols.
  858. .IP "\fB\-\-keep\-symbols=\fR\fIfilename\fR" 4
  859. .IX Item "--keep-symbols=filename"
  860. Apply \fB\-\-keep\-symbol\fR option to each symbol listed in the file
  861. \&\fIfilename\fR. \fIfilename\fR is simply a flat file, with one symbol
  862. name per line. Line comments may be introduced by the hash character.
  863. This option may be given more than once.
  864. .IP "\fB\-\-strip\-symbols=\fR\fIfilename\fR" 4
  865. .IX Item "--strip-symbols=filename"
  866. Apply \fB\-\-strip\-symbol\fR option to each symbol listed in the file
  867. \&\fIfilename\fR. \fIfilename\fR is simply a flat file, with one symbol
  868. name per line. Line comments may be introduced by the hash character.
  869. This option may be given more than once.
  870. .IP "\fB\-\-strip\-unneeded\-symbols=\fR\fIfilename\fR" 4
  871. .IX Item "--strip-unneeded-symbols=filename"
  872. Apply \fB\-\-strip\-unneeded\-symbol\fR option to each symbol listed in
  873. the file \fIfilename\fR. \fIfilename\fR is simply a flat file, with one
  874. symbol name per line. Line comments may be introduced by the hash
  875. character. This option may be given more than once.
  876. .IP "\fB\-\-keep\-global\-symbols=\fR\fIfilename\fR" 4
  877. .IX Item "--keep-global-symbols=filename"
  878. Apply \fB\-\-keep\-global\-symbol\fR option to each symbol listed in the
  879. file \fIfilename\fR. \fIfilename\fR is simply a flat file, with one
  880. symbol name per line. Line comments may be introduced by the hash
  881. character. This option may be given more than once.
  882. .IP "\fB\-\-localize\-symbols=\fR\fIfilename\fR" 4
  883. .IX Item "--localize-symbols=filename"
  884. Apply \fB\-\-localize\-symbol\fR option to each symbol listed in the file
  885. \&\fIfilename\fR. \fIfilename\fR is simply a flat file, with one symbol
  886. name per line. Line comments may be introduced by the hash character.
  887. This option may be given more than once.
  888. .IP "\fB\-\-globalize\-symbols=\fR\fIfilename\fR" 4
  889. .IX Item "--globalize-symbols=filename"
  890. Apply \fB\-\-globalize\-symbol\fR option to each symbol listed in the file
  891. \&\fIfilename\fR. \fIfilename\fR is simply a flat file, with one symbol
  892. name per line. Line comments may be introduced by the hash character.
  893. This option may be given more than once. Note: this option cannot be
  894. used in conjunction with the \fB\-G\fR or \fB\-\-keep\-global\-symbol\fR
  895. options.
  896. .IP "\fB\-\-weaken\-symbols=\fR\fIfilename\fR" 4
  897. .IX Item "--weaken-symbols=filename"
  898. Apply \fB\-\-weaken\-symbol\fR option to each symbol listed in the file
  899. \&\fIfilename\fR. \fIfilename\fR is simply a flat file, with one symbol
  900. name per line. Line comments may be introduced by the hash character.
  901. This option may be given more than once.
  902. .IP "\fB\-\-alt\-machine\-code=\fR\fIindex\fR" 4
  903. .IX Item "--alt-machine-code=index"
  904. If the output architecture has alternate machine codes, use the
  905. \&\fIindex\fRth code instead of the default one. This is useful in case
  906. a machine is assigned an official code and the tool-chain adopts the
  907. new code, but other applications still depend on the original code
  908. being used. For \s-1ELF\s0 based architectures if the \fIindex\fR
  909. alternative does not exist then the value is treated as an absolute
  910. number to be stored in the e_machine field of the \s-1ELF\s0 header.
  911. .IP "\fB\-\-writable\-text\fR" 4
  912. .IX Item "--writable-text"
  913. Mark the output text as writable. This option isn't meaningful for all
  914. object file formats.
  915. .IP "\fB\-\-readonly\-text\fR" 4
  916. .IX Item "--readonly-text"
  917. Make the output text write protected. This option isn't meaningful for all
  918. object file formats.
  919. .IP "\fB\-\-pure\fR" 4
  920. .IX Item "--pure"
  921. Mark the output file as demand paged. This option isn't meaningful for all
  922. object file formats.
  923. .IP "\fB\-\-impure\fR" 4
  924. .IX Item "--impure"
  925. Mark the output file as impure. This option isn't meaningful for all
  926. object file formats.
  927. .IP "\fB\-\-prefix\-symbols=\fR\fIstring\fR" 4
  928. .IX Item "--prefix-symbols=string"
  929. Prefix all symbols in the output file with \fIstring\fR.
  930. .IP "\fB\-\-prefix\-sections=\fR\fIstring\fR" 4
  931. .IX Item "--prefix-sections=string"
  932. Prefix all section names in the output file with \fIstring\fR.
  933. .IP "\fB\-\-prefix\-alloc\-sections=\fR\fIstring\fR" 4
  934. .IX Item "--prefix-alloc-sections=string"
  935. Prefix all the names of all allocated sections in the output file with
  936. \&\fIstring\fR.
  937. .IP "\fB\-\-add\-gnu\-debuglink=\fR\fIpath-to-file\fR" 4
  938. .IX Item "--add-gnu-debuglink=path-to-file"
  939. Creates a .gnu_debuglink section which contains a reference to
  940. \&\fIpath-to-file\fR and adds it to the output file. Note: the file at
  941. \&\fIpath-to-file\fR must exist. Part of the process of adding the
  942. \&.gnu_debuglink section involves embedding a checksum of the contents
  943. of the debug info file into the section.
  944. .Sp
  945. If the debug info file is built in one location but it is going to be
  946. installed at a later time into a different location then do not use
  947. the path to the installed location. The \fB\-\-add\-gnu\-debuglink\fR
  948. option will fail because the installed file does not exist yet.
  949. Instead put the debug info file in the current directory and use the
  950. \&\fB\-\-add\-gnu\-debuglink\fR option without any directory components,
  951. like this:
  952. .Sp
  953. .Vb 1
  954. \& objcopy \-\-add\-gnu\-debuglink=foo.debug
  955. .Ve
  956. .Sp
  957. At debug time the debugger will attempt to look for the separate debug
  958. info file in a set of known locations. The exact set of these
  959. locations varies depending upon the distribution being used, but it
  960. typically includes:
  961. .RS 4
  962. .ie n .IP """* The same directory as the executable.""" 4
  963. .el .IP "\f(CW* The same directory as the executable.\fR" 4
  964. .IX Item "* The same directory as the executable."
  965. .PD 0
  966. .ie n .IP """* A sub\-directory of the directory containing the executable""" 4
  967. .el .IP "\f(CW* A sub\-directory of the directory containing the executable\fR" 4
  968. .IX Item "* A sub-directory of the directory containing the executable"
  969. .PD
  970. called .debug
  971. .ie n .IP """* A global debug directory such as /usr/lib/debug.""" 4
  972. .el .IP "\f(CW* A global debug directory such as /usr/lib/debug.\fR" 4
  973. .IX Item "* A global debug directory such as /usr/lib/debug."
  974. .RE
  975. .RS 4
  976. .Sp
  977. As long as the debug info file has been installed into one of these
  978. locations before the debugger is run everything should work
  979. correctly.
  980. .RE
  981. .IP "\fB\-\-keep\-section\-symbils\fR" 4
  982. .IX Item "--keep-section-symbils"
  983. When stripping a file, perhaps with \fB\-\-strip\-debug\fR or
  984. \&\fB\-\-strip\-unneeded\fR, retain any symbols specifying section names,
  985. which would otherwise get stripped.
  986. .IP "\fB\-\-keep\-file\-symbols\fR" 4
  987. .IX Item "--keep-file-symbols"
  988. When stripping a file, perhaps with \fB\-\-strip\-debug\fR or
  989. \&\fB\-\-strip\-unneeded\fR, retain any symbols specifying source file names,
  990. which would otherwise get stripped.
  991. .IP "\fB\-\-only\-keep\-debug\fR" 4
  992. .IX Item "--only-keep-debug"
  993. Strip a file, removing contents of any sections that would not be
  994. stripped by \fB\-\-strip\-debug\fR and leaving the debugging sections
  995. intact. In \s-1ELF\s0 files, this preserves all note sections in the output.
  996. .Sp
  997. Note \- the section headers of the stripped sections are preserved,
  998. including their sizes, but the contents of the section are discarded.
  999. The section headers are preserved so that other tools can match up the
  1000. debuginfo file with the real executable, even if that executable has
  1001. been relocated to a different address space.
  1002. .Sp
  1003. The intention is that this option will be used in conjunction with
  1004. \&\fB\-\-add\-gnu\-debuglink\fR to create a two part executable. One a
  1005. stripped binary which will occupy less space in \s-1RAM\s0 and in a
  1006. distribution and the second a debugging information file which is only
  1007. needed if debugging abilities are required. The suggested procedure
  1008. to create these files is as follows:
  1009. .RS 4
  1010. .IP "1.<Link the executable as normal. Assuming that it is called>" 4
  1011. .IX Item "1.<Link the executable as normal. Assuming that it is called>"
  1012. \&\f(CW\*(C`foo\*(C'\fR then...
  1013. .ie n .IP "1.<Run ""objcopy \-\-only\-keep\-debug foo foo.dbg"" to>" 4
  1014. .el .IP "1.<Run \f(CWobjcopy \-\-only\-keep\-debug foo foo.dbg\fR to>" 4
  1015. .IX Item "1.<Run objcopy --only-keep-debug foo foo.dbg to>"
  1016. create a file containing the debugging info.
  1017. .ie n .IP "1.<Run ""objcopy \-\-strip\-debug foo"" to create a>" 4
  1018. .el .IP "1.<Run \f(CWobjcopy \-\-strip\-debug foo\fR to create a>" 4
  1019. .IX Item "1.<Run objcopy --strip-debug foo to create a>"
  1020. stripped executable.
  1021. .ie n .IP "1.<Run ""objcopy \-\-add\-gnu\-debuglink=foo.dbg foo"">" 4
  1022. .el .IP "1.<Run \f(CWobjcopy \-\-add\-gnu\-debuglink=foo.dbg foo\fR>" 4
  1023. .IX Item "1.<Run objcopy --add-gnu-debuglink=foo.dbg foo>"
  1024. to add a link to the debugging info into the stripped executable.
  1025. .RE
  1026. .RS 4
  1027. .Sp
  1028. Note\-\-\-the choice of \f(CW\*(C`.dbg\*(C'\fR as an extension for the debug info
  1029. file is arbitrary. Also the \f(CW\*(C`\-\-only\-keep\-debug\*(C'\fR step is
  1030. optional. You could instead do this:
  1031. .IP "1.<Link the executable as normal.>" 4
  1032. .IX Item "1.<Link the executable as normal.>"
  1033. .PD 0
  1034. .ie n .IP "1.<Copy ""foo"" to ""foo.full"">" 4
  1035. .el .IP "1.<Copy \f(CWfoo\fR to \f(CWfoo.full\fR>" 4
  1036. .IX Item "1.<Copy foo to foo.full>"
  1037. .ie n .IP "1.<Run ""objcopy \-\-strip\-debug foo"">" 4
  1038. .el .IP "1.<Run \f(CWobjcopy \-\-strip\-debug foo\fR>" 4
  1039. .IX Item "1.<Run objcopy --strip-debug foo>"
  1040. .ie n .IP "1.<Run ""objcopy \-\-add\-gnu\-debuglink=foo.full foo"">" 4
  1041. .el .IP "1.<Run \f(CWobjcopy \-\-add\-gnu\-debuglink=foo.full foo\fR>" 4
  1042. .IX Item "1.<Run objcopy --add-gnu-debuglink=foo.full foo>"
  1043. .RE
  1044. .RS 4
  1045. .PD
  1046. .Sp
  1047. i.e., the file pointed to by the \fB\-\-add\-gnu\-debuglink\fR can be the
  1048. full executable. It does not have to be a file created by the
  1049. \&\fB\-\-only\-keep\-debug\fR switch.
  1050. .Sp
  1051. Note\-\-\-this switch is only intended for use on fully linked files. It
  1052. does not make sense to use it on object files where the debugging
  1053. information may be incomplete. Besides the gnu_debuglink feature
  1054. currently only supports the presence of one filename containing
  1055. debugging information, not multiple filenames on a one-per-object-file
  1056. basis.
  1057. .RE
  1058. .IP "\fB\-\-strip\-dwo\fR" 4
  1059. .IX Item "--strip-dwo"
  1060. Remove the contents of all \s-1DWARF\s0 .dwo sections, leaving the
  1061. remaining debugging sections and all symbols intact.
  1062. This option is intended for use by the compiler as part of
  1063. the \fB\-gsplit\-dwarf\fR option, which splits debug information
  1064. between the .o file and a separate .dwo file. The compiler
  1065. generates all debug information in the same file, then uses
  1066. the \fB\-\-extract\-dwo\fR option to copy the .dwo sections to
  1067. the .dwo file, then the \fB\-\-strip\-dwo\fR option to remove
  1068. those sections from the original .o file.
  1069. .IP "\fB\-\-extract\-dwo\fR" 4
  1070. .IX Item "--extract-dwo"
  1071. Extract the contents of all \s-1DWARF\s0 .dwo sections. See the
  1072. \&\fB\-\-strip\-dwo\fR option for more information.
  1073. .IP "\fB\-\-file\-alignment\fR \fInum\fR" 4
  1074. .IX Item "--file-alignment num"
  1075. Specify the file alignment. Sections in the file will always begin at
  1076. file offsets which are multiples of this number. This defaults to
  1077. 512.
  1078. [This option is specific to \s-1PE\s0 targets.]
  1079. .IP "\fB\-\-heap\fR \fIreserve\fR" 4
  1080. .IX Item "--heap reserve"
  1081. .PD 0
  1082. .IP "\fB\-\-heap\fR \fIreserve\fR\fB,\fR\fIcommit\fR" 4
  1083. .IX Item "--heap reserve,commit"
  1084. .PD
  1085. Specify the number of bytes of memory to reserve (and optionally commit)
  1086. to be used as heap for this program.
  1087. [This option is specific to \s-1PE\s0 targets.]
  1088. .IP "\fB\-\-image\-base\fR \fIvalue\fR" 4
  1089. .IX Item "--image-base value"
  1090. Use \fIvalue\fR as the base address of your program or dll. This is
  1091. the lowest memory location that will be used when your program or dll
  1092. is loaded. To reduce the need to relocate and improve performance of
  1093. your dlls, each should have a unique base address and not overlap any
  1094. other dlls. The default is 0x400000 for executables, and 0x10000000
  1095. for dlls.
  1096. [This option is specific to \s-1PE\s0 targets.]
  1097. .IP "\fB\-\-section\-alignment\fR \fInum\fR" 4
  1098. .IX Item "--section-alignment num"
  1099. Sets the section alignment field in the \s-1PE\s0 header. Sections in memory
  1100. will always begin at addresses which are a multiple of this number.
  1101. Defaults to 0x1000.
  1102. [This option is specific to \s-1PE\s0 targets.]
  1103. .IP "\fB\-\-stack\fR \fIreserve\fR" 4
  1104. .IX Item "--stack reserve"
  1105. .PD 0
  1106. .IP "\fB\-\-stack\fR \fIreserve\fR\fB,\fR\fIcommit\fR" 4
  1107. .IX Item "--stack reserve,commit"
  1108. .PD
  1109. Specify the number of bytes of memory to reserve (and optionally commit)
  1110. to be used as stack for this program.
  1111. [This option is specific to \s-1PE\s0 targets.]
  1112. .IP "\fB\-\-subsystem\fR \fIwhich\fR" 4
  1113. .IX Item "--subsystem which"
  1114. .PD 0
  1115. .IP "\fB\-\-subsystem\fR \fIwhich\fR\fB:\fR\fImajor\fR" 4
  1116. .IX Item "--subsystem which:major"
  1117. .IP "\fB\-\-subsystem\fR \fIwhich\fR\fB:\fR\fImajor\fR\fB.\fR\fIminor\fR" 4
  1118. .IX Item "--subsystem which:major.minor"
  1119. .PD
  1120. Specifies the subsystem under which your program will execute. The
  1121. legal values for \fIwhich\fR are \f(CW\*(C`native\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`windows\*(C'\fR,
  1122. \&\f(CW\*(C`console\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`posix\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`efi\-app\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`efi\-bsd\*(C'\fR,
  1123. \&\f(CW\*(C`efi\-rtd\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`sal\-rtd\*(C'\fR, and \f(CW\*(C`xbox\*(C'\fR. You may optionally set
  1124. the subsystem version also. Numeric values are also accepted for
  1125. \&\fIwhich\fR.
  1126. [This option is specific to \s-1PE\s0 targets.]
  1127. .IP "\fB\-\-extract\-symbol\fR" 4
  1128. .IX Item "--extract-symbol"
  1129. Keep the file's section flags and symbols but remove all section data.
  1130. Specifically, the option:
  1131. .RS 4
  1132. .IP "*<removes the contents of all sections;>" 4
  1133. .IX Item "*<removes the contents of all sections;>"
  1134. .PD 0
  1135. .IP "*<sets the size of every section to zero; and>" 4
  1136. .IX Item "*<sets the size of every section to zero; and>"
  1137. .IP "*<sets the file's start address to zero.>" 4
  1138. .IX Item "*<sets the file's start address to zero.>"
  1139. .RE
  1140. .RS 4
  1141. .PD
  1142. .Sp
  1143. This option is used to build a \fI.sym\fR file for a VxWorks kernel.
  1144. It can also be a useful way of reducing the size of a \fB\-\-just\-symbols\fR
  1145. linker input file.
  1146. .RE
  1147. .IP "\fB\-\-compress\-debug\-sections\fR" 4
  1148. .IX Item "--compress-debug-sections"
  1149. Compress \s-1DWARF\s0 debug sections using zlib with \s-1SHF_COMPRESSED\s0 from the
  1150. \&\s-1ELF ABI.\s0 Note \- if compression would actually make a section
  1151. \&\fIlarger\fR, then it is not compressed.
  1152. .IP "\fB\-\-compress\-debug\-sections=none\fR" 4
  1153. .IX Item "--compress-debug-sections=none"
  1154. .PD 0
  1155. .IP "\fB\-\-compress\-debug\-sections=zlib\fR" 4
  1156. .IX Item "--compress-debug-sections=zlib"
  1157. .IP "\fB\-\-compress\-debug\-sections=zlib\-gnu\fR" 4
  1158. .IX Item "--compress-debug-sections=zlib-gnu"
  1159. .IP "\fB\-\-compress\-debug\-sections=zlib\-gabi\fR" 4
  1160. .IX Item "--compress-debug-sections=zlib-gabi"
  1161. .PD
  1162. For \s-1ELF\s0 files, these options control how \s-1DWARF\s0 debug sections are
  1163. compressed. \fB\-\-compress\-debug\-sections=none\fR is equivalent
  1164. to \fB\-\-decompress\-debug\-sections\fR.
  1165. \&\fB\-\-compress\-debug\-sections=zlib\fR and
  1166. \&\fB\-\-compress\-debug\-sections=zlib\-gabi\fR are equivalent to
  1167. \&\fB\-\-compress\-debug\-sections\fR.
  1168. \&\fB\-\-compress\-debug\-sections=zlib\-gnu\fR compresses \s-1DWARF\s0 debug
  1169. sections using zlib. The debug sections are renamed to begin with
  1170. \&\fB.zdebug\fR instead of \fB.debug\fR. Note \- if compression would
  1171. actually make a section \fIlarger\fR, then it is not compressed nor
  1172. renamed.
  1173. .IP "\fB\-\-decompress\-debug\-sections\fR" 4
  1174. .IX Item "--decompress-debug-sections"
  1175. Decompress \s-1DWARF\s0 debug sections using zlib. The original section
  1176. names of the compressed sections are restored.
  1177. .IP "\fB\-\-elf\-stt\-common=yes\fR" 4
  1178. .IX Item "--elf-stt-common=yes"
  1179. .PD 0
  1180. .IP "\fB\-\-elf\-stt\-common=no\fR" 4
  1181. .IX Item "--elf-stt-common=no"
  1182. .PD
  1183. For \s-1ELF\s0 files, these options control whether common symbols should be
  1184. converted to the \f(CW\*(C`STT_COMMON\*(C'\fR or \f(CW\*(C`STT_OBJECT\*(C'\fR type.
  1185. \&\fB\-\-elf\-stt\-common=yes\fR converts common symbol type to
  1186. \&\f(CW\*(C`STT_COMMON\*(C'\fR. \fB\-\-elf\-stt\-common=no\fR converts common symbol
  1187. type to \f(CW\*(C`STT_OBJECT\*(C'\fR.
  1188. .IP "\fB\-\-merge\-notes\fR" 4
  1189. .IX Item "--merge-notes"
  1190. .PD 0
  1191. .IP "\fB\-\-no\-merge\-notes\fR" 4
  1192. .IX Item "--no-merge-notes"
  1193. .PD
  1194. For \s-1ELF\s0 files, attempt (or do not attempt) to reduce the size of any
  1195. \&\s-1SHT_NOTE\s0 type sections by removing duplicate notes.
  1196. .IP "\fB\-V\fR" 4
  1197. .IX Item "-V"
  1198. .PD 0
  1199. .IP "\fB\-\-version\fR" 4
  1200. .IX Item "--version"
  1201. .PD
  1202. Show the version number of \fBobjcopy\fR.
  1203. .IP "\fB\-\-verilog\-data\-width=\fR\fIbytes\fR" 4
  1204. .IX Item "--verilog-data-width=bytes"
  1205. For Verilog output, this options controls the number of bytes
  1206. converted for each output data element. The input target controls the
  1207. endianness of the conversion.
  1208. .IP "\fB\-v\fR" 4
  1209. .IX Item "-v"
  1210. .PD 0
  1211. .IP "\fB\-\-verbose\fR" 4
  1212. .IX Item "--verbose"
  1213. .PD
  1214. Verbose output: list all object files modified. In the case of
  1215. archives, \fBobjcopy \-V\fR lists all members of the archive.
  1216. .IP "\fB\-\-help\fR" 4
  1217. .IX Item "--help"
  1218. Show a summary of the options to \fBobjcopy\fR.
  1219. .IP "\fB\-\-info\fR" 4
  1220. .IX Item "--info"
  1221. Display a list showing all architectures and object formats available.
  1222. .IP "\fB@\fR\fIfile\fR" 4
  1223. .IX Item "@file"
  1224. Read command-line options from \fIfile\fR. The options read are
  1225. inserted in place of the original @\fIfile\fR option. If \fIfile\fR
  1226. does not exist, or cannot be read, then the option will be treated
  1227. literally, and not removed.
  1228. .Sp
  1229. Options in \fIfile\fR are separated by whitespace. A whitespace
  1230. character may be included in an option by surrounding the entire
  1231. option in either single or double quotes. Any character (including a
  1232. backslash) may be included by prefixing the character to be included
  1233. with a backslash. The \fIfile\fR may itself contain additional
  1234. @\fIfile\fR options; any such options will be processed recursively.
  1235. .SH "SEE ALSO"
  1236. .IX Header "SEE ALSO"
  1237. \&\fBld\fR\|(1), \fBobjdump\fR\|(1), and the Info entries for \fIbinutils\fR.
  1238. .SH "COPYRIGHT"
  1239. .IX Header "COPYRIGHT"
  1240. Copyright (c) 1991\-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
  1241. .PP
  1242. Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
  1243. under the terms of the \s-1GNU\s0 Free Documentation License, Version 1.3
  1244. or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation;
  1245. with no Invariant Sections, with no Front-Cover Texts, and with no
  1246. Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license is included in the
  1247. section entitled \*(L"\s-1GNU\s0 Free Documentation License\*(R".