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stdlib.h.0p (7656B)

    

  1. '\" et
  2. .TH stdlib.h "0P" 2017 "IEEE/The Open Group" "POSIX Programmer's Manual"
  3. .\"
  4. .SH PROLOG
  5. This manual page is part of the POSIX Programmer's Manual.
  6. The Linux implementation of this interface may differ (consult
  7. the corresponding Linux manual page for details of Linux behavior),
  8. or the interface may not be implemented on Linux.
  9. .\"
  10. .SH NAME
  11. stdlib.h
  12. \(em standard library definitions
  13. .SH SYNOPSIS
  14. .LP
  15. .nf
  16. #include <stdlib.h>
  17. .fi
  18. .SH DESCRIPTION
  19. Some of the functionality described on this reference page extends the
  20. ISO\ C standard. Applications shall define the appropriate feature test macro
  21. (see the System Interfaces volume of POSIX.1\(hy2017,
  22. .IR "Section 2.2" ", " "The Compilation Environment")
  23. to enable the visibility of these symbols in this header.
  24. .P
  25. The
  26. .IR <stdlib.h> 
  27. header shall define the following macros which shall expand to
  28. integer constant expressions:
  29. .IP EXIT_FAILURE 12
  30. Unsuccessful termination for
  31. \fIexit\fR();
  32. evaluates to a non-zero value.
  33. .IP EXIT_SUCCESS 12
  34. Successful termination for
  35. \fIexit\fR();
  36. evaluates to 0.
  37. .IP {RAND_MAX} 12
  38. Maximum value returned by
  39. \fIrand\fR();
  40. at least 32\|767.
  41. .P
  42. The
  43. .IR <stdlib.h> 
  44. header shall define the following macro which shall expand to a
  45. positive integer expression with type
  46. .BR size_t :
  47. .IP {MB_CUR_MAX} 12
  48. Maximum number of bytes in a character specified by the current
  49. locale (category
  50. .IR LC_CTYPE ).
  51. .P
  52. In the POSIX locale the value of
  53. {MB_CUR_MAX}
  54. shall be 1.
  55. .P
  56. The
  57. .IR <stdlib.h> 
  58. header shall define NULL as described in
  59. .IR <stddef.h> .
  60. .P
  61. The
  62. .IR <stdlib.h> 
  63. header shall define the following data types through
  64. .BR typedef :
  65. .IP "\fBdiv_t\fP" 12
  66. Structure type returned by the
  67. \fIdiv\fR()
  68. function.
  69. .IP "\fBldiv_t\fP" 12
  70. Structure type returned by the
  71. \fIldiv\fR()
  72. function.
  73. .IP "\fBlldiv_t\fP" 12
  74. Structure type returned by the
  75. \fIlldiv\fR()
  76. function.
  77. .IP "\fBsize_t\fP" 12
  78. As described in
  79. .IR <stddef.h> .
  80. .IP "\fBwchar_t\fP" 12
  81. As described in
  82. .IR <stddef.h> .
  83. .P
  84. In addition, the
  85. .IR <stdlib.h> 
  86. header shall define the following symbolic constants and macros
  87. as described in
  88. .IR <sys/wait.h> :
  89. .P
  90. .nf
  91. WEXITSTATUS
  92. WIFEXITED
  93. WIFSIGNALED
  94. WIFSTOPPED
  95. WNOHANG
  96. WSTOPSIG
  97. WTERMSIG
  98. WUNTRACED
  99. .fi
  100. .P
  101. The following shall be declared as functions and may also be defined as
  102. macros. Function prototypes shall be provided.
  103. .sp
  104. .RS 4
  105. .nf
  107. void          _Exit(int);
  108. long          a64l(const char *);
  109. void          abort(void);
  110. int           abs(int);
  111. int           atexit(void (*)(void));
  112. double        atof(const char *);
  113. int           atoi(const char *);
  114. long          atol(const char *);
  115. long long     atoll(const char *);
  116. void         *bsearch(const void *, const void *, size_t, size_t,
  117.                   int (*)(const void *, const void *));
  118. void         *calloc(size_t, size_t);
  119. div_t         div(int, int);
  120. double        drand48(void);
  121. double        erand48(unsigned short [3]);
  122. void          exit(int);
  123. void          free(void *);
  124. char         *getenv(const char *);
  125. int           getsubopt(char **, char *const *, char **);
  126. int           grantpt(int);
  127. char         *initstate(unsigned, char *, size_t);
  128. long          jrand48(unsigned short [3]);
  129. char         *l64a(long);
  130. long          labs(long);
  131. void          lcong48(unsigned short [7]);
  132. ldiv_t        ldiv(long, long);
  133. long long     llabs(long long);
  134. lldiv_t       lldiv(long long, long long);
  135. long          lrand48(void);
  136. void         *malloc(size_t);
  137. int           mblen(const char *, size_t);
  138. size_t        mbstowcs(wchar_t *restrict, const char *restrict, size_t);
  139. int           mbtowc(wchar_t *restrict, const char *restrict, size_t);
  140. char         *mkdtemp(char *);
  141. int           mkstemp(char *);
  142. long          mrand48(void);
  143. long          nrand48(unsigned short [3]);
  144. int           posix_memalign(void **, size_t, size_t);
  145. int           posix_openpt(int);
  146. char         *ptsname(int);
  147. int           putenv(char *);
  148. void          qsort(void *, size_t, size_t, int (*)(const void *,
  149.                   const void *));
  150. int           rand(void);
  151. int           rand_r(unsigned *);
  152. long          random(void);
  153. void         *realloc(void *, size_t);
  154. char         *realpath(const char *restrict, char *restrict);
  155. unsigned short *seed48(unsigned short [3]);
  156. int           setenv(const char *, const char *, int);
  157. void          setkey(const char *);
  158. char         *setstate(char *);
  159. void          srand(unsigned);
  160. void          srand48(long);
  161. void          srandom(unsigned);
  162. double        strtod(const char *restrict, char **restrict);
  163. float         strtof(const char *restrict, char **restrict);
  164. long          strtol(const char *restrict, char **restrict, int);
  165. long double   strtold(const char *restrict, char **restrict);
  166. long long     strtoll(const char *restrict, char **restrict, int);
  167. unsigned long strtoul(const char *restrict, char **restrict, int);
  168. unsigned long long
  169.               strtoull(const char *restrict, char **restrict, int);
  170. int           system(const char *);
  171. int           unlockpt(int);
  172. int           unsetenv(const char *);
  173. size_t        wcstombs(char *restrict, const wchar_t *restrict, size_t);
  174. int           wctomb(char *, wchar_t);
  175. .fi
  176. .P
  177. .RE
  178. .P
  179. Inclusion of the
  180. .IR <stdlib.h> 
  181. header may also make visible all symbols from
  182. .IR <stddef.h> ,
  183. .IR <limits.h> ,
  184. .IR <math.h> ,
  185. and
  186. .IR <sys/wait.h> .
  187. .LP
  188. .IR "The following sections are informative."
  189. .SH "APPLICATION USAGE"
  190. None.
  191. .SH RATIONALE
  192. None.
  193. .SH "FUTURE DIRECTIONS"
  194. None.
  195. .SH "SEE ALSO"
  196. .IR "\fB<limits.h>\fP",
  197. .IR "\fB<math.h>\fP",
  198. .IR "\fB<stddef.h>\fP",
  199. .IR "\fB<sys_types.h>\fP",
  200. .IR "\fB<sys_wait.h>\fP"
  201. .P
  202. .ad l
  203. The System Interfaces volume of POSIX.1\(hy2017,
  204. .IR "Section 2.2" ", " "The Compilation Environment",
  205. .IR "\fI_Exit\fR\^(\|)",
  206. .IR "\fIa64l\fR\^(\|)",
  207. .IR "\fIabort\fR\^(\|)",
  208. .IR "\fIabs\fR\^(\|)",
  209. .IR "\fIatexit\fR\^(\|)",
  210. .IR "\fIatof\fR\^(\|)",
  211. .IR "\fIatoi\fR\^(\|)",
  212. .IR "\fIatol\fR\^(\|)",
  213. .IR "\fIbsearch\fR\^(\|)",
  214. .IR "\fIcalloc\fR\^(\|)",
  215. .IR "\fIdiv\fR\^(\|)",
  216. .IR "\fIdrand48\fR\^(\|)",
  217. .IR "\fIexit\fR\^(\|)",
  218. .IR "\fIfree\fR\^(\|)",
  219. .IR "\fIgetenv\fR\^(\|)",
  220. .IR "\fIgetsubopt\fR\^(\|)",
  221. .IR "\fIgrantpt\fR\^(\|)",
  222. .IR "\fIinitstate\fR\^(\|)",
  223. .IR "\fIlabs\fR\^(\|)",
  224. .IR "\fIldiv\fR\^(\|)",
  225. .IR "\fImalloc\fR\^(\|)",
  226. .IR "\fImblen\fR\^(\|)",
  227. .IR "\fImbstowcs\fR\^(\|)",
  228. .IR "\fImbtowc\fR\^(\|)",
  229. .IR "\fImkdtemp\fR\^(\|)",
  230. .IR "\fIposix_memalign\fR\^(\|)",
  231. .IR "\fIposix_openpt\fR\^(\|)",
  232. .IR "\fIptsname\fR\^(\|)",
  233. .IR "\fIputenv\fR\^(\|)",
  234. .IR "\fIqsort\fR\^(\|)",
  235. .IR "\fIrand\fR\^(\|)",
  236. .IR "\fIrealloc\fR\^(\|)",
  237. .IR "\fIrealpath\fR\^(\|)",
  238. .IR "\fIsetenv\fR\^(\|)",
  239. .IR "\fIsetkey\fR\^(\|)",
  240. .IR "\fIstrtod\fR\^(\|)",
  241. .IR "\fIstrtol\fR\^(\|)",
  242. .IR "\fIstrtoul\fR\^(\|)",
  243. .IR "\fIsystem\fR\^(\|)",
  244. .IR "\fIunlockpt\fR\^(\|)",
  245. .IR "\fIunsetenv\fR\^(\|)",
  246. .IR "\fIwcstombs\fR\^(\|)",
  247. .IR "\fIwctomb\fR\^(\|)"
  248. .ad b
  249. .\"
  250. .SH COPYRIGHT
  251. Portions of this text are reprinted and reproduced in electronic form
  252. from IEEE Std 1003.1-2017, Standard for Information Technology
  253. -- Portable Operating System Interface (POSIX), The Open Group Base
  254. Specifications Issue 7, 2018 Edition,
  255. Copyright (C) 2018 by the Institute of
  256. Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc and The Open Group.
  257. In the event of any discrepancy between this version and the original IEEE and
  258. The Open Group Standard, the original IEEE and The Open Group Standard
  259. is the referee document. The original Standard can be obtained online at
  260. http://www.opengroup.org/unix/online.html .
  261. .PP
  262. Any typographical or formatting errors that appear
  263. in this page are most likely
  264. to have been introduced during the conversion of the source files to
  265. man page format. To report such errors, see
  266. https://www.kernel.org/doc/man-pages/reporting_bugs.html .